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10X  14X  18X  22X 


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ails 

du 

tdifier 

une 

nage 


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illustrent  la  mAthode. 


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'  V^^J^^  Ca^c^-^^w^  O 


A  LIST  OF  THE  PLANTS  OF  THE 
PRIBILOF  ISLANDS. 


WITH 


NOTES  ON  THEIR  DISTRIBUTION. 


BY 


JAMES    M.    MACOUN, 

AssistiiTil  jWituialts/  to  the  (,'tvloi;iia!  Survt'v  of  Canada. 


(Kxtiactcd  froTM  Tlit.'  1  iir  Si'uls  aiKl  Fur-Stal  Islaiiiis  of  the   North  racitic  Ucenti, 
i'arl  III,  pp.  55V-587,  i'lates  LXXXVU-XCIV.) 


I« 


WASHINGTON: 

(iOVlCKN.MKNT     PRINTIX<;     OFFICK. 
1899. 

Agriculture  (HLASt  REtuhn 

'Taiirida         h'^n  i<i  oe  fu-  rouRNdH 


l.tnt  f'5       l^'Sw  i 


fJdtp 


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..*</-■  \.>» 


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1 1  ^  • 


'.S'.t'i. 


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-^.-J. 


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S  M 


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'l^i 


i> 


*":' 


A  LIST  OF  THE  PLANTS  OF  THE 
PRIBILOF  ISLANDS, 


WITH 


NOTES  ON  THEIR   DISTRIBUTION. 


2fSf  I 


iK™ 


BY 


JAMES    M.    MACOUN, 

Assistant  Aatunilist  to  the  Geological  Suncy  of  Canada, 


(Kxtrailcil  from  Tlu-  1  iir  Seals  and  Kur-Scal  I^laiicls  .if  the  North  Taeific  Ocean, 
Fart  III,  VP-  559-5>*:,  Tlatcs  I.XXXVII-XCIV.) 


WASHINGTON: 

;ovkknmi;nt   i'kintino  ofkick. 
1899. 


XXIII.-A  LIST  OF  THE  PLANTS  OF  THE   PRIBILOF  ISLANDS,  BERING 
SEA.  WITH  NOTES  ON  THEIR  DISTRIBUTION. 


Hy  .Iamk.s  M.  Macoin 
Aggintanl  yatiiraliat  to  the  Heologkal  Surrei/  of  Canada. 


This  list  is  believed  to  include  all  the  i>laiits  that  have  been  found  on  the  Pribilof 
Islauds  since  their  discovery  in  I78<).  The  early  travelers  who  made  su<-h  complete 
collections  on  ITnalaska  and  other  islands  of  the  Aleutian  chain  scent  to  have  spent 
very  little  time  on  the  Pribilof  Islands,  only  35  species  being  recorded  from  them  in 
Lcdebonr's  Flora  Hossica.  1  have  been  able  to  tind  no  record  of  any  collection  hav- 
ing been  made  there  between  the  time  of  Chamisso  and  Eschscholtz  and  the  purchase 
of  Alaska  by  the  United  States.  ]Mr.  Charles  Bryant,  in  187."),  made  a  hirge  collection 
on  the  Pribilof  Islands.  A  set  of  these  plants  is  in  the  United  States  National  Her- 
barium at  Washington,  and,  I  believe,  in  the  Gray  Herbarium  also.  In  181)0  ISIr. 
William  Palmer  collected  about  100  species  of  Howering  plants  there,  and  many 
mosses  and  lichens.  The  phaenogams  were  determined  by  Mr.  Theodor  Holm,  the 
mosses  by  Dr.  Kindberg,  the  lichens  by  Mr.  Calkins.  In  1891  Dr.  C.  II.  jMerriam,  one 
of  the  Ignited  i-tates  Bering  Sea  commissioners,  made  extensive  <'olle(tions  (over  (10 
species)  on  both  St.  Paul  and  St.  George  islands,  and  in  1892  publisiied  a  list  of  the 
plants  he  had  collected.'  In  1895  Messrs.  I'\  W.  True  and  I).  W,  Prentiss,  jr.,  brought 
from  the  Pribilof  Islands  a  very  fine  collection  of  tiowering  plants  (90  species).  Their 
specimens  are  the  best  I  have  seen  from  that  region.  They  were  determined  by  Dr. 
J.  N.  Hose  and  are  in  the  National  Herbarium  at  Washington. 

My  own  collections  were  made  in  the  years  1891,  1892,  1890,  and  1897,  principally 
on  St.  Paul  Island,  and  comprise  182  species  and  varieties  of  phaenerogams  and 
vascular  cryptogams.  In  1897  1  had  ample  time  at  my  disposal,  and  had  then  seen 
the  collections  of  other  visitors  to  the  islands,  so  that  I  was  able  to  gi-eatly  extend 
the  number  of  species  collected  by  me  in  former  years.  Ket'erence  is  made  in  tlie  text 
to  the  species  that  I  failed  to  tind.  St.  George  Island  has  never  been  well  botanized, 
and  future  collectors  on  that  island  will  probably  add  many  species  to  this  list. 

Through  tlie  courtesy  of  Mr.  F.  V.  Coville  and  Dr.  J.  N.  Rose,  the  curator  and 
assistant  curator  of  the  United  States  National  Herbarium,  I  have  been  enabled  to 
examine  all  the  Pribilof  Island  plants  in  that  herbarinn),  and  have  admitted  no  species 
into  the  present  list  of  which  I  have  not  seen  specimens. 


'  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington,  Vol.  VII,  pp.  133-150. 

559 


1 

1 


560 


THE    Fl'R   SEALS   OK    T!IR    PUimLOF    ISLANDS. 


Kor  tlio  iiHO  of  bookH  fvo.n  tlu'if  i>rivat«'  libniries  and  iiiiu-li  kindly  iiaHistancc  in 
the  i>rei>anvtio!i  of  this  paper  I  have  to  thank  mj-  friends  Dr.  Kdw.  ],.  (ireene,  Mr. 
Tlieodor  Holm,  and  my  father,  Prof.  Jolin  Maeonn.  .Mr.  Holni'H  beautifnl  and  eorrcet 
li;;areH  of  new  species  were  made  after  a  careful  study  of  the  plants  they  rejuesent. 
Species  which  I  considered  new  have  been  described  by  speciabHts,  and  other  (lilliciilt 
species  have  been  submitted  to  botanists  who  liave  made  a  special  study  of  the  {•ionits 
to  whijdi  they  belou),' — the  Carices  to  Messrs.  Bailey,  Kukentlial.  Holm,  ami  Wliedci. 
I  he  grasses  to  I'rof.  Scribner — but  1  have  in  every  instance  given  tlie  result  ul'  my 
own  work.  Where  1  have  failed  to  agree  with  others  who  have  examined  my  speci- 
mens I  have  given  the  re.sult  of  their  investigation  as  well  as  my  own. 

Dr.  Nils  C.  Kindberg.  Dr.  J.  NV.  Kckfehlt,  Tastctr  .1.  .S.  D.  [Srantli,  and  Dr.  ('. 
VVarnstotf  have  verilied  or  corrected  my  determinatious  of  the  cryptogams. 


BRIEF    DESCRIl'TION    OK    THE    PBIBILOF    ISLANDS   WITH    SPECIAL 

THEIR    VEGETATION. 


REFERENCE    TO 


Dr.  Merriam's  description  of  the  natural  features  of  the  Pribilof  Islands  in  so 
good  that  I  shall  uot  attempt  to  improve  upon  it.     lie  says: 

'I'he  Pribihit'  ^ro'up  in  Horing  Heii  is  alioiit  350  kilomuterH  (220  iiiileHi  iiortli  of  tlii>  Ali'iitliiii  rhaiii 
and  comprises  tbti  isluiids  St.  I'aul  iiinl  .St.  (icorge,  st'imiated  by  about  (ilj  kilniin'tcrs  ( 10  inilcg)  of 
st-a,  and  two  islets,  known  as  Walrus  and  Otter  islands,  near  St.  I'anl.  .St.  1'hmI  is  (lie  liirj;iwt,  nieiis- 
nriiig  about  28A  kilometers  (14  miles)  in  length  by  12  kilometers  (7^  miles)  in  ^rnsitt^st  breailtii.  St. 
George  is  a  little  less  than  U)M  kilometers  ( 12  miles)  in  length  by  a  little  nioru  than  S  kilometers  (."i 
miles)  in  greatest  breadth.  The  highest  land  is  on  St.  fieorge,  where  a  jirccipitous  clitf  fronting  the 
sea  and  a  hill  in  the  interior  exceed  27.5  meters  (900  feet).  The  highest  land  on  St.  Paul  is  a  little 
over  183  meters  (tiOO  feet).  The  gronp  is  of  voleanie  origin  and  the  general  snrfaee  is  rolling  with 
jirecipitons  elitl's  along  the  water  front  in  many  jiliicos,  alternating  with  broad  valleys  aii<l  basins. 
The  ellrt's  predominate  on  St.  George.  In  sunnnor  the  islands  are  almost  constantly  enveloiied  in  fog. 
The  atmosphere  is  saturated  (the  wet  and  dry  bulbs  p-gistering  the  same)  and  the  temperature  is 
uniformly  low,  the  thermometer  ranging  from  7'  C.  (4.5^  F.)toO^  ('.  (IS    F. ),  or  rarely  li)   ('.  (.%0    I",  i. 

The  sandy  shores  and  dunes  of  the  I'ribilof  Islands  support  a  very  scant  vegeta- 
tion. Cochleoriit  officinalis,  Arenaria  pepJoides,  and  Elj/mus  mollis  are  the  diaractcristic 
species.  Lathyyus  mnritimus  and  Mertensia  muritinm,  though  not  rare,  are  far  lioin 
common,  and  the.se  five  species  are  the  only  .shore  plants  that  were  seen.  A  few  jtlants 
that  are  not  of  general  distribution  grow  on  cliffs  near  the  sea.  Among  tiiese  are 
Draha  .tirta,  Xesodralm grandis,  Arabia ambigun,  Sagitio  linutivi  and  SaxiJ'raijd  hracfetUtt. 
Near  the  village  on  St.  Paul  Island  and  elsewhere  on  the  lower  levels  on  both  islands 
the  ponds  and  lakes  are  surrounded  by  mud  flats,  on  which  a  number  of  specii's  grow 
tliat  are  not  found  elsewhere.  The  commonest  of  these  are  RaHiouulus  lii/pirbortnis, 
Ix'anunculus  reptans,  Montia  /ontann,  Stellaria  hmni/usa,  and  I'oteiifilla  toiscrina. 
Chrysanthemum  arctieum  is  sometimes  found  with  them,  but  is  commoner  in  wet  places 
on  higher  levels,  espec^ially  on  St.  George  Island. 

The  number  of  bog  and  marsh  plants  is  very  small,  though  many  of  the  species 
that  grow  elsewhere  are  also  found  on  the  damp,  boggy  spots  that  are  so  characiter- 
istic  of  both  islands.  There  is  but  one  true  bog  <m  St.  Paul  Island,  several  on  St. 
George.  On  these  hubtis  chamaemorus,  Saxifraga  hirvnlns,  Pedicularis  sudetica,  and 
Petasites  frigida  grow  in  ])rofusion,  but  they  are  all  found  on  other  parts  of  the  island. 

The  greater  part  of  the  surface  of  both  islands  is  tundra-like  and  much  resenddes 
the  barren  grounds  of  arctic  America.    The  commonest  plants  throughout  the  wind- 


I 


THE    PLANTS   OF   THE    PKIBILOF    ISLANDS. 


561 


blown  (iiul  elevated  parts  of  tlie  islands  are  Sileiir  (tctndiH,  Ari-nnrin  mncrornrpa,  and 
KrUt'iihhim  vlioinissoiiiH,  all  formin},'  cnsliinns  a  foot  or  more  in  diameter,  Ihitrema 
ftlirnrihii,  Paimnr  nnliciititm,  (h-ian  rosHii,  Potentilhi  rillnsn,  .\itnninia  (iltihxlurht, 
('(imi)iiHHhi  iKsiociniKi,  Pedn-uJnth  htnuHdorfii,  and  I'nlivvlnriH  lanntii.  On  the  more 
exposed  places  and  of  not  nearly  so  general  distribution  are  (Un-daminr  UdUd'ifulia, 
Lyrlinis  (tprtdla,  ClmiHOHplniiiiin  hn-iiuii(iniim,  Siui/r<i(ja  ilai'iirica,  S(i.iijyii(fi>  srvpi/l 
li/oUa,  Astn-  sihirkux,  and  (initUttut  (ilauin, 

(".rassy  banks  and  upland  meadows  are  frequent,  gei.erally  noai'  the  sea,  and  on 
these  grow  many  species  that  are  not  found  on  the  bleaker  and  more  elevated  parts 
of  tlie  islands.  Conspicuous  amou}--  these  are  IfKniinviiliis  alltticim,  UninmciiluH 
KHvliHvholtzii,  Valenam  cnpitnfn,  Ttmuwum  ojjwhwlv  var.  Ih-iihim,  two  species  of 
I'okmonhtm  and  I'eiVH-uUtrh  irrlirilhita.  Cl(iiiti>nia  HnniieiitoHa,  Viola  luiifiHilorfii, 
</fn/»V(H'f  ./Vi//i»?«,  and  Primula  e.rimin  are  sometimes  found  with  the  above  species, 
but  are  more  common  in  damp  sheltered  places  among  the  rocks  in  the  interior  of 
St.  Paul  Island.  On  one  bank  near  a  little  pond  at  the  southwest  end  of  St.  Paul 
Island  I  found  Copiis  tri/olia,  (Icnininm  criauthiim,  Arnim  itnalashrnKis,  and  Veronicn 
Htelhtri,  not  seen  elsewhere  on  tln^  Pribilof  Islands. 

There  are  many  level  areas  of  cotisiderable  extent  on  both  islands,  called  by  Dr. 
Merriam  "moss-bogs,"  but  no  true  bog  plants  are  tVmnd  on  them,  though  the  soil  is 
saturated  with  water  and  covered  with  a  thick  carpet  of  moss,  principally  lli/jnnim 
and  /.'KWMM/i/JOJ— little  SplKuiiium.  No  plants  are  found  on  these  areas  that  do  not 
grow  on  the  higher  and  drier  ground,  though  EiHpctnau  nigrum  is  in  such  places 
more  abundant  than  elsewhere. 

Special  reference  has  been  made  to  but  a  small  part  of  the  whole  number  of 
species  on  the  islands,  but  those  named  give,  it  is  hoped,  a  geneial  idea  of  the  nature 
of  the  vegetation.  Many  of  the  commoner  species  have  not  been  mentioned  and  no 
grasses  m-  carices  have  been  referred  to,  but  the  relative  abundance,  and  generally 
the  habitat,  of  each  species  is  given  elsewhere. 

GKO(aiAl'IU0AL  DISTRIIJUTION  OK  THE   IMlAENOCfAMS  AND  VASCILAU  CllYl'TOGAMS 
KNOWN   TO  OrOl  B   ON    PIIK  VRIHILOF  ISLANDS. 

No  part  of  this  paper  has  been  prepared  more  thonaighly  and  carefully  than  that 
showing  the  geographical  distribution  of  the  plants  found  on  the  Pribilof  Islands. 
Some  ((f  the  plants  may  have  a  wider  range  than  I  have  iiuli.-ated,  but  I  have  in  all 
cases  good  authority  for  the  occurrence  of  species  in  the  districts  I  have  referred 
them  to.  The  authorities  consulted  will  be  Ibnnd  at  the  end  of  the  list  itself.  This 
part  of  my  paper  was  written  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Thcfodor  Holm.  Mr.  Holm  has 
collected  from  Greenland  eastward  to  Nova  Zerabla,  I  from  Labrador  and  Hudson 
Bay  westward  to  Bering  Straits  and  Kamchatka. 

As  will  be  seen  from  the  list  itself,  the  great  majority  of  the  plants  found  on  the 
Pribilof  Islands  are  circumpolar  in  their  range,  and  in  this  respect  the  flora  of  the 
Pribilof  Islands  attbrds  a  marked  contrast  to  that  of  the  Commander  Islands,  in 
nearly  the  same  latitude,  on  the  west  side  of  Bering  Sea.  Many  of  the  species  are 
the  same  on  both  groups  of  islands,  but  on  the  Commander  Islands  the  number  of 
species  that  are  essentially  Asiatic  far  exceeds  the  number  of  those  on  the  Pribilof 
Islands  that  are  distinctly  American. 
5947_pt3 3G 


562  THE    FlU    SEALS    oF   TMK    PKIHILOF    IHLANKS 

ANNOTATED  LIST  OF  SPECIES. 

I'lI.VENCxJAMS. 

1.  Anemone  richardsoni,  llimk. 

Very  abiiiKliiiit  ainonji  iiuiss  and  jfiass.  I'loweriii},'  in  .lime  and  tlillitiilt  to 
discover  later  in  t\w  season.  Specimens  collecfed  with  undeifrround  steins  fVoni  L' 
to  •'<  feet  long. 

2.  Ranunculus  trichopbyllus,  (  liai\. 

Found  ill  only  one  loeality  on  St.  I'aiil  Island— a  small  lake  near  the  village.  The 
water  in  this  lake  varies  in  depth  in  <litVeri'nt  veais,  and  three  (orms  liav«'  iteen 
collected  there— the  typical,  tlie  snhtenestrial  var.  rorsintosim),  and  "the  dwarf  form 
with  capillary,  llabl)y  leaves"  (var.  coiilvrrniilis). 

3.  Ranunculus  byperboreus,  Kottli, 

Coiniiioii  by  lakes  and  on  mud  tiats  on  both  islands,  (ieiieialiy  associate«l  with 
M(»nthi  fotittiiui. 

4.  Ranunculus  pygmaeus,  Walii. 

St.  Paul  Island.     Collected  only  by  .Mr.  William  Palmer. 
9.  Ranunculus  reptans,  L. 

Coiiiinon  by  ponds  and  lakes  on  both  islands. 

6.  Ranunculus  pallasii,  Silil. 

Growing  in  Si>h(iiinnm  by  a  small  jioiid  on  St.  (leoifie  Island. 

7.  Ranunculus  altaicus,  Lnxin. 

Goinmon  in  upland  meadows  on  both  islands.  The  specimens  from  these  islands 
have  been  generally  referred  to  li.  iiindin,  but  in  the  writer's  opinion  miv  not  that 
species, 

8.  Ranunculus  eschsclioltzii,  Sclil. 

Not  rare  on  St.  Panl  Island  on  grassy  banks  wheie  tlie  snow  lies  late  in  the  spiinj;. 

9.  Coptis  trifclia,  SmIIhI). 

Two  specimens  of  this  species  were  found  in  18!l(i  on  a  grassy  hank  near  the  south 
end  of  St.  Paul  Island. 

10.  Aconitum  delphinifolium,  DC. 

From  3  or  4  inches  high  on  bleak  ujdands  to  2  feet  high  among  grass  near  Die 
sea  level.     Common  on  both  islands. 

11.  Papaver  ladicatum,  Knttb. 

/'.  tiiidiraiile.  L.  viir.  arrlinim,  KlkMii. 

Common  on  both  islands.  The  Howers  of  this  poppy  are  on  the  Pribilof  fslands 
larger  and  more  s^howy  than  I  have  seen  them  elsewhere.  Murbcck  has  shown  (fide 
Botaniske  Litteraturblade,  No.  13,  p.  liO.S)  that  the  arctic  pojijty  so  generally  referred 
to  P.  nudicanle  is  not  that  species. 

12.  Papaver  macounii,  Greene,  rittoniii,  Vol.  Ill,  j».  217.     (I'liitr  I.XX.WIII.  i 

Perennial,  scapose,  the  very  .stout  scapes  olten  afoot  liigh  in  fruit,  three  or  four 
times  surpassing  the  tuft  of  leaves,  hirsute  liisi»id;  leaves,  even  the  petioles,  comjiara- 
tively  devoid  of  hairiness,  .sometimes  wholly  glabrous;  leaf  outline  ovate  rather  tiia'n 
obovate,  the  pinnae  oblong  lanceolate  to  almost  linear;  ])etals  4  (rarely  5),  round 


TIIK    IM-ANTS    0|-     I  UK    I'KIUILOK    ISLANDS. 


5(13 


tlic 


ohovsifo.  cros.leiifnt.'.  nltni  \.\  iu.-h<'H  l(.n>,',  ydloxv,  lii.lin;;  Kir.Miisl.;  |..kIk  1  inch  long, 
Mimow,  -liisaH'  ..l»l..i.K,  I  to  ■'•  imul.Ml.  liispi.l  .'X.-rpt  oi.  tlio  proiniiiciit  uiikU-s  or  nhs. 

I'lisily  .listiiict  from  all  otlior  bt.n'al  poppivs  hy  its  imin.w  ciipsiilcs,  wliu-li  are 
Mliiiost  iKMih'  l)y  III.'  asciMidiiif-  i)Ositiuii  oHlu^  4  or  :.  mysoftlm  stiKinii.  tlius  api.n.xi- 
matinn  tlu'  srincolv  ti'iialtlc  jiciius  MnnnoiiHis. 

Tliis  hciiiililui  popi.v  llowcrs  about  two  wcekH  lator  than  /'.  nidmiiiiin.  It  was 
wliiU'  .M.IliM'tiu-  tlu^  latttT  spi'i-ies  in  1SU7  lliat  tl..-  aiitlK.i's  attciiti(.n  was  attnicttMl  by 
ll„.  l.Mv.s  orr.  mm-oiiiiii,  wliich  dilV.T  in  n.lor  as  wrll  as  simp*',  dr.,  tVoni  tliosr  of 
/'  ri<,lirului„.  ViMtinjj  H.o  sanii^  spot  IiiUt,  /'.  mdU,il„m  wastbinul  witii  npened  h.'i-.Is, 
wl.ib'  /'.  mnvomm  was  only  in  IIow.t.  It  was  found  in  abnndan.-c  later  in  tlu^  season 
on  otiier  parts  of  St.  Taiil  Island. 

13.  Coiydalicpaucinoin,  INih. 

Not  un»-on..M(»n  on  St.  Paul  Island,  Honerally  in  moss.  Fi(»wcring  early  it  is  soon 
hidden  by  {ivass  and  the  folia^ie  of  other  plants. 

14.  Nastiutium  paliistie  !•('. 

AmontJ  Mr.  I'alniei's  plants  from  St.  Paul  Island  were  spoeimens  of  this  species. 
After  eirefully  looking  Ibr  it  in  all  loealities  where  it  was  likely  to  }-n»w  but  w.th.mt 
dis.M,verin"-  it'.  1  am  ioreed  to  the  eoneln.sion  that  Av.  Palmer's  speeimens  were  eol- 
lected  elsewhere.     As  I  may  be  mistaken  in  this,  howevor,  I  include  it  iii  the  list. 

15.  Draba  hirta,  I- 

Ih-iihn  iiiidiKi.  MtTii.iin'H  List. 

Com;  ion  on  the  edfjes  of  (dill's  aiul  on  sandy  .slopes,  St.  Paul  Island. 

16.  Diaba  wahlenbeigii,  lIuMm- 

Rare  on  exposed  hilltops  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

17.  Nesodraba  graudis,  (ireeii.'.  Piilunia.  V..1.  Ill,  p.  25:;.     (I'lntr  I. XXXIX.) 

Driilm  iiratiilix,  l.nnjisdorlV. 

Peduncles  about  twice  the  len^'th  of  the  central  tuft  of  leaves  ami  5  lo  10  inches 
hifih;  pods  nearly  •'5  1'"^''*  l>'"'i«l  '""^  ''*'"'"  "'•'•'^•»''"'  to  '>val,  on  ascendinj,'  pedicels  ol 
one-half  to  tlireetburtlis  inch  lonj;. 

Coinmoii  o.i  dampish  rocks  and  clilVs  on  both  islands. 

This  is  withont  doubt  (UwMiaria  spmhnluta  DC.,  collected  (.n  St.  (Jeor^e  and 
St.  Paul  islands  by  Chami.sso  and  Eschscholt/.  Fruitin-  specimens  are  in  general 
•il>peaiiuice  much  more  like  a  Cochlcaria  than  a  Draba. 

18.  Eutrenia  edwaidaii,  U.  Ur. 

Not  rare  on  uplands;  generally  growing  among  moss 

19.  Cochlearia  offlcinalis,  L. 

Common  on  both  i.slands. 

20.  Caidamine  bellidifolia,  1.. 

Ifare  on  the  most  exposed  parts  of  tht!  interior  of  both  islands. 

21.  Cardamine  piateiiais,  L. 

Common  by  ponds  oii  both  islands. 

22.  Cardamine  umbellatn,  <ir.one,  I'ittoniii   Vol.  Ill,  p.  151.     (flato  XC.) 

Stems  several,  10  to  L>(>  inches  high  from  slender  horizontal  rootstocks,  erect,  spar- 
ingly leafy  to  the  sununit,  the  herbage  glabrous:  all  the  leaves  pinnate,  the  lowest 


5G4 


THE    I'Ult    SEALS    OK   THE    PUIUILOF    ISLANDS. 


with  Intin  3  to  5  rounded  or  oviil,  the  upper  with  o  or  7  more  elongated,  leaflets,  tliese 
all  entire  ()r  very  sparingly  toothed;  llowors  few,  small,  white,  often  3  to  5  only  and 
from  corymbose  to  subiinibellate;  stamens  (»;  pods  erect  (on  pedicels  of  about  one-halt 
inch),  about  three  fourths  lino  .vide,  three- fourths  to  J  iiudi  long  inchuling  tlie  i)romi- 
nent  beak;  valves  not  elastic;  seeds  about  S  or  9  under  each  valve,  rather  large. 

Sjtecies  somewhat  nearly  allied  to  the  Californiau  C.  ISrcicvri. 

Very  common  in  damp  jdaces  on  both  islands.  Collected  in  a  great  variety  of 
forms,  according  to  habitat,  but  nil  answering  well  to  Dr.  (Jreene's  description. 

23.  Cardaidine  hirsuta,  L. 

A  small  perennial  i)lant  much  resembling  the  Kuro])ean  V.  intermetUahas  been 
refeired  here.     It  is  rare  on  St.  I'aul  Island. 

24.  Arabis  ambigua,  DC. 

Xot  rare  on  gravelly,  rocky,  an<l  sandy  banks,  St.  Paul  Island. 

25.  Viola  langsdorfii,  Fisdi. 

Common  on  hillsides  and  in  depressions  on  botii  islands. 

26.  Viola  palustris,  L. 

Kare  on  damp  banks  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

27.  Sileue  acaulis,  L. 

Common  ou  expo.sed  hillsides  on  both  islands. 

28.  Lychnis  apetala,  L.,  var.  glabra,  ]{<'j;tl. 

Common  on  uplands  on  St.  Paul  Island.  The  St.  Paul  Island  plants  are  widely 
difterent  from  typical  L.  apetaln  and  probably  constitute  a  good  species. 

29.  Arenaria  macrocarpa.  I'ur.sli. 

Forming  large  cushions  on  tlie  ujdands  on  b(»th  islands. 

30.  Arenaria  arctica,  St'iv. 

With  the  last  ou  St.  Paul  Island,  but  niuch  nu)re  coaunon. 

31.  Arenaria  peploiaes,  L. 

Common  on  both  islands. 

32.  Stellaria  media,  Smith. 

Common  on  low  grounds  near  the  villages  on  both  islands. 

33.  Stellaria  borealis,  Itigel. 

S.  vrasKifolia,  .Moriinm's  List. 

Itather  rare  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

34.  Stellaria  borealis,  liigtl,  vui.  corallina,  lY'iizl. 

Damp  i>laces  on  St.  I'aul  Island,     (jonunon. 

35.  Stellaria  calycantha,  lioiii;. 

Kather  rare  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

36.  Stellaria  longipes,  (ioldie,  \nr.  laeta,  T.  and  (i. 

A  few  immature  specimens  of  what  I  believe  to  be  this  variety  were  collected  on 
St.  Paul  Island  in  1891,  Dr.  IJ.  L.  Kobinsou,  however,  thinks  tlieuj  a  form  of  S. 
rusci/oUa,  VVilld. 


THK    PLANTS    OF    THE    PUIBILOF    ISLANDS. 


565 


tliese 
y  uiid 
e-lialf 
)romi- 


ety  of 


l)oen 


ndt'ly 


37.  Cerastium  alpinum,  L.  .111 

Conunoi.  on  both  islands.  Very  variable,  according  to  habitat.  C.  arvense,  included 
in  Dr.  Merrian.'s  list  on  tl.o  authority  of  Dr.  Yasoy,  could  not  be  found  in  the  Unitcl 
States  National  Ilcibari.nn  at  Washington  and  has  been  excluded.  The  specimens 
so  named  were  probably  a  form  of  C.  alpinum. 

38.  Sagiiia  linuaei,  I'lvsl. 

Common  on  earth  and  rocks  on  both  islands. 

39.  Sagina  nivalis,  Vr. 

Kare  on  St.  Paul  Ishuul. 

40.  Sagina 


Ml  on 

of  iS. 


A  lew  sn.cinuM.s  of  a  minute  caryophyllaceons  plant  were  collected  on  St.  (ieorge 
lalmd  by  Mr  Trevor  Kincaid  in  1807.  Dr.  Kobin.son,  to  whom  the  specimens  were 
snbmitted  decided  that  it  was  ditferent  from  any  caryophyll  known  to  him,  but  the 
n.aterial  was  too  poor  to  ba.se  a  new  species  upon.  Though  thought  by  1  )r.  Kob.nson 
to  be  an  Arenariu,  I  agree  with  Mr.  Holm,  who  also  examined  the  specimens,  that  they 
should  be  referred  to  .S«</(««(. 

41.  Claytonia  sarmeutosa,  C  A.  Moytu-. 

('.  arclicd,  MeiTiiiiii's  List. 
Common  on  both  islands,  generally  with  Viola  latujHdorJii. 

42.  Montia  fontana,  L. 

Common  on  mud  Hats  and  damp  rocks  on  both  islands. 

43.  Geranium  erianthum,  HO. 

On  a  grassy  bank  by  a  pond  near  the  south  end  of  St.  Paul  Island. 

44.  Lupiuus  nootkatensis,  J>ou. 

One  of  the  most  conspicnious  and  characteristic  plants  on  the  Pribilof  Islands. 

45.  LatliytuB  maritimus,  Bigel.  var.aleuticuB,Greoii.'. 

On  beaches  ami  among  sand  dunes  on  both  islands. 

46.  Rubus  chamaemorus,  L. 

In  boggy  places  on  both  islands. 

47.  Rubus  BtellatuB,  Smith. 

Upland  meadows  and  on  sandy  soil  on  both  islands. 

48.  Rubus  arcticuB,  L. 

Not  so  common  as  the  last,  but  not  rare  on  either  island.  Specimens  easily  sep- 
arable  from  either  species  were  collecte.l  in  18!»7,  but  as  they  may  Vo^^^yh.^^ 
result  of  hybridization  between  K.  arcticns  and  K.  .tellatus  no  attempt  to  describe 
them  has  been  made. 

49.  Geum  roBsii,  Soiiiiu,!'. 

Hillsides  and  uplands  on  both  islands. 

50.  Sibbaldia  procumbons,  L. 

Rare  on  exposed  banks  and  in  the  interior  of  St.  Paul  Island. 

51.  Potentilla  anseriua,  L. 

By  ponds  anil  marshes  on  both  islands. 


■■ 


666 


THE    FUR    SEALS    OF    THE    PRIBILOF    ISLANDS. 


52.  PotentiUa  fraglformis,  Willd.  f.  villosa,  Pall. 

Common  on  rocky  banks  on  both  islands. 

53.  Potentilla  emarginata,  I'iiihIi. 

Exposed  hillsides  on  botli  islands. 

54.  Comarum  palustre,  L. 

Marshy  places  and  by  bogs  and  ponds  on  both  islands. 

55.  3axifragahieracifolia,\Viilil.st.  Kit. 

Not  uncommon  in  damp  mossy  places  on  both  islands. 

56.  Saxifraga  davurica,  L. 

Hare  on  exposed  slopes  on  both  islands. 

57.  Saxifraga  stellaris,  L.,  var.  comosa,  Poir. 

Eare  on  high  interior  of  St.  (ie(»rge  Island. 

58.  Saxifraga  uelsoniana,  Don. 

A  common  and  variable  Saxifrage,  generally  referred  to  S.  jmnctata,  L.,  is  found 
on  sh(«es  and  Islands  throughout  the  Bering  Sea  region,  but  a  (comparison  of  this 
plant  with  Morrison's  figure,  to  which  Linnaeus  refers,  shows  that  it  is  not  IS.pumtuiu. 

59.  Saxifraga  aerpyllifolia,  Pnrsh. 

.S.  ohrysaiitha,  Morriain's  list. 

Not  rare  on  exposed  parts  of  interior  of  St.  I'aul  Island. 

60.  Saxifraga  bracteata,  Don. 

Common  on  damp  rocks  on  botli  islands. 

61.  Saxifraga  hirculus,  L. 

In  boggy  places,  St.  I'anI  Island. 

62.  Saxifraga  hirculus,  L..  viir.  alpina,  Kngler,  Mon.  Sax.,  p.  124. 

Low,  2  or  ;i  inches  high,  densely  caespitose,  the  leaves  broader  than  in  the  type, 
subspatulate,  petals  larger,  deej)  yellow.  With  t'hrifmspleninni  beringiamm  on  the 
more  exposed  hillsides  in  the  interior  and  toward  the  northwest  end  of  St.  Paul 
Island. 

63.  Chrysosplenium  beringianum,  Kosp.  Hot.  (ia/..,  Vol.  XXIII.  p.  27,">.     (Platv'  CXI.^ 

"Rootstock  2X)  to  r.  cm.  long  ( ?),  creeping,  sending  otf  many  long  fibrous  roots; 
radical  leaves  and'  stems  sexeral,  spreading  and  forming  a  dense  rosette;  radical 
leav's  snmll;  petiole  slender,  1.3  to  4.r»  cm.  long,  broader  at  base,  the  margins  (espe- 
cially below)  ciliatc  with  long  purplish  iiairs;  blade  reniform,  0  to  II  mm.  broad,  4  to  5- 
crenate,  crenations  sometimes  gland  tipped,  thickish,  pale,  and  glabrous  below,  dark 
green  and  glabrous  or  .sonunvhat  pilose  above;  stem  2..".  to  5  cm.  high,  naked  or 
bearing  a  single  leaf  below  the  involucre;  iiivolucral  leaves  several,  entire  or  3  crenate, 
ext-nding  beyond  the  Howers;  caly.x  o  to  i\  mm.  broad,  4  lobed,  purplish  or  becoming 
so;  sepals  very  broad,  nearly  orbicular,  rounded  at  apex ;  disk  very  prominent,  strongly 
8-lobed;  fruiting  calyx  turbinate,  1  mm.  high;  capsule  L'-horned,  fi  to  10  seeded;  seeds 
oblong,  0.5  mm.  long,  shining,  delicately  reticulated. 

This  species  has  been  confused  with  C.  nltmii/oUum,  from  which  it  appears  to  be 
abundantly  distinct.  V.  alferni/oliiim  differs  in  its  habit  in  lacking  the  thickish  root- 
stocks  and  possessing  only  -lender  stoh»ns  and  filiform  roots;  in  its  larger,  usually 


THE    PLANTS    OP    THE    I'RIBILOF    ISLANDS. 


567 


nmcU  larger,  leaves  more  numerous  aud  generally  double  crenations,  the  smaller 
iudeutatioiis  containing  a  gland,  or  when  simply  crenate  eaeh  creuation  gland  tipped, 
thin,  membranaceous  in  texture,  (when  dry)  paler  in  color;  petioles  with  margins 
usually  glabrous  but  sometimes  ciliate  with  a  few  white  hairs. 

Our  form,  which  resembles  C.  teiramlrmn  in  the  size  aud  shape  of  the  leaves,  has 
8  stamens  instead  of  4,  purple  instead  of  greenish  flowers,  larger  and  dehnite  seeds 
(«;  to  10  instead  of  30  to  50),  stronger-lobed  disk,  and  apparently  ditters  also  in  its 

habit."  £.  ax  11     1  I  1      1 

Abundant  on  disintegrated  scoria  in  the  interior  of  St.  1  aul  Ishinu. 

64.  Chryaosplenium  alternifolium,  L. 

A  few  specimens  were  collected  on  St.  George  Island  in  1897   by  Mr.  Trevor 

Kiiuiaid. 

65.  Paruassia  kotaebuei,  Chain,  anil  Si-bl. 

Not  rare  on  St.  Paul  Islantl. 

66.  Hippuris  vulgaris,  L. 

Common  on  St.  (leorge  Island,  rarer  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

67.  Epilobium clavatum,  Trt'lease.  ,  ii-i- 

Itather  rare  with  GenUana  tenella  on  bare  spots  on  low  hills.    The  L.  anagalhdi- 
folium  of  Dr.  Merriam's  list  seems  to  be  referable  here. 

68.  Epilobium  behringianum,  Haiieskn. 

Not  rare  in  damp,  springy  places  on  both  islands. 

69.  Epilobium  spicatum,  Lam. 

Not  noted  until  1897,  when  plants  were  found  in  several  places  on  St.  Paul  Island. 
It  is  doubtful  if  it  ever  matures  its  seed  there,  as  the  only  specimen  seen  in  bloom 
was  collected  by  Mr.  Kincaid  September  1,  very  soon  after  which  date  all  plants  are 
fro/en. 

70.  LiguBticum  scoticum,  L. 

Common  in  upland  meadows  and  on  hillsides  on  both  islands. 

71.  Seliuum  beuthami,  Hook . 

Common  on  both  ishinds. 

72.  Coeloplureum  gmelini,  Ledcb. 

nvravleiim  hinatum  of  Merriiun's  list. 

Very  abundant  on  both  island.s.    The  "poochka"  of  the  natives  on  the  Pribilof 
Islands,  and  eaten  by  them  as  Hcrttelcttm  lanaUim  is  eaten  elsewhere. 

73.  Cornus  suecica,  L. 

('.  unahuhnsix,  MtMiiani's  list. 

Not  rare  on  grassy  and  mossy  slopes  on  either  island. 

74.  Galium  trifidum,  L. 

Wet  banks  of  ponds  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

75.  Valeriana  capitata,  Pall. 

Common  in  meadows  and  on  damp,  grassy  slopes  on  both  i.slands.  V.  sylvatwa, 
recorded  in  Dr.  Merriam's  list  as  having  been  collected  on  St.  Paul  Island  by  Mr. 
Towuseud,  has  been  excluded. 


508 


THE    FUR    SEALS   OV   THE    J'RIBILOF    ISLANDS. 


76.  Aster  sibiricus,  L. 

Common  iu  exposed  places  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

77.  Achillea  millefolium,  L. 

Common  on  both  islands. 

78.  Chrysautbemum  arcticum,  I.. 

Low  saline  meadows  and  on  damp  uplands.     Ccmimon  on  both  islands. 

79.  Artemisia  globularia,  (Iimiii. 

Common  on  barren  moors  and  hilitops  on  both  islands. 

80.  Artemisia  uovegica,  l'"rii;s,  viir.  paciflca,  <iiay. 

( 'omniou  on  both  islands. 

81.  Artemisia  richardsoniaua,  lit's^. 

Eare  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

82.  Artemisia  viilgs.is,  L.,  v:ir.  tilsaii,  Ledob.  , 

Common  oii  hillsides  on  both  islands. 

83.  Arnica  unalaskeiisis,   I.e>s. 

A  few  pi  lilts  in  one  locality  near  the  south  end  of  St.  Paul  Island. 

84.  Petasited  frigida,   Fries. 

By  all  ponds  and  bo^jf-y  i)laces  on  both  islands. 

85.  Seuecio  pseudo-arnica,   Less. 

Sandy  shores  and  sand  dunj'S  on  both  islands. 

86.  Taraxacum  officinale,  Weber,  v;ir.  lividuni,  Koch. 

Common  on  grassy  .slopes  and  rocky  banks  on  both  islands. 

87.  Campanula  uniflora,  L. 

Common  amouff  moss  on  the  lower  hills  on  St.  Paul  Island.  C.  inioaa  of  Mer- 
r'am's  list  has  been  excluded,  as  no  si>eciniens  could  be  found  in  the  United  States 
National  Herbarium,  and  it  has  been  reported  by  no  one  else. 

88.  Campanula  lasiocarpa,  Cham. 

On  grassy  banks  and  uplands.  Common  on  both  islinds  and  very  variable. 
Small  si)eciniens  collected  in  18!>(i  in  general  appearance  ;.ie  widely  ditt'erent  from 
typical  plants,  but  closer  examination  shows  that  except  as  to  size  they  differ  only  in 
being  le.ss  pilose  on  the  calyx  and  less  ciliate  along  the  petioles. 

89.  Pyrola  minor,  Ij. 

Rare  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

90.  Armeria  vulgaris,  Willd. 

Common  on  both  islands. 

91.  Primula  eximia,  (inene,  I'ittonia,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  2.")1.     (Plate  XCII.) 

liootstock  simple;  sca|)e,  G  to  10  inches  high,  twice  or  thrice  exceeding  the  foliage; 
spatulaie-oblong  or  oblanceolate  leaves  thin,  glabrous,,  entire  or  obscurely  crenate  or 
dentate;  upper  portion  of  the  scape,  and  more  particularly  the  pedicels,  densely  white- 
farinose;  umbel  few-tlowered  and  somewhat  onesided,  the  Hewers  inclining  one  way; 
calyx  cleft  to  the  middle  or  a  little  more,  the  segments  oblong-linear,  scarcely  acute; 


i 


I 


THK    PLANTS    OK    TJIK.    IM,IltIL«»F    ISLANDS. 


5(59 


a(  Mer- 

States 


ariable. 
it  from 
only  ill 


corolla  very  large,  rich  blavk  purple,  its  segments  entire  or  son.ewl.at  erose,  not  einur- 
cinate.     Usually  relerrcd  to  F.  nifiilis.  .. 

v;ry  common  on  St.  IMul  Island,  flowering  a  little  later  than  /'.  >navo„au,  bnt  in 
bloom  for  a  much  longer  period.     IJarer  on  St.  (ieorge. 
92    Primula  macoumi,(ire«ne,l-,ttonia,  Vol.  111., .1..2.-.la".l-''i".     (I'latoXClU.) 

■    Stouter  than  the  last;  the  rootstock  branched,  and  the  scapes  and  h-at  clusters 

thus  tutted  forming  a  mass;    leaves  obovate  to  oblam-eolate,  ent.re.  g  abrous.  the 

orescenee  slight^  glandular,  bnt  without  a  trace,  of  fanm.se  nulument;  umbels 

!;^X.i   uidiLLtlyeqnn  calyx  deft  well  bdow  IW  n.nldh.,  .ts  broad 

sc:^ments  oval,  or,  if  narrower,  sou.ewhat  spatulatcoblong;  coroUa  n.uch  as  ,n  the 

^•"•■S;:;;;:iy  vdl^Io^" ^i;!:^;.^  than  to  ;..  ......     The  .bHage  in  this  last  is  of 

nnch  thinner  textnn,  much  more  conspicu<.usly  veiny,  even  ret.cuiately  venn h.se, 

u"^t  Sions  shoeing  <.entral  glandular  d<.ts.     The  dried  leaMs  s.>  ,hn.  as  to  be 

rrfectly  translucent,  and  its  margin  is  finely  dentate,  as  I'ailas s  hgure    h..^^s.     I.ut 

;«!>«»//  the  le'aves  are  thick,  completely  opa.pie  when  dry,  scarcely  veniy,  not 

in  the  least  reticulate  <.r  dotted;  nor  is  there  any  trace  ot  lannose  mdument 

Vera">aanton  St.  (ieoige  Island,  flowering  and  maturing  earher  than  the 
l.st  in  living  plants  the  flowers  are  much  lighter  in  color  ,n  1'.  r.n.na  than  ... 
/>.  ,„aconnii,  varying  much,  howeve.,  i..  d.ied  si.ec.mc.s. 

93.  Androsace  villosa,   L. 

(%,mmon  on  the  slopes  of  the  lower  hills  on  both  islands. 

94    Trientalis  eiiropaea,   1..,  var.  arctica,   l.o.ld.. 

Never  abnuda..t,  but  found  in  many  places  on  both  islands. 

95.  Geiitiana  tenella,  Koltlt.  ., 

Eatl.er  rare  on  St.  Taul  Island.     Found  only  ....  a  tew  ba.e  spots  on  Iovn  h.lls. 

Flowers  ochroleucous  or  blue. 

96.  Geutiana  frigida,  llaenkf. 

Common  on  both  islanda. 

97.  Gentianaglauca,  Vallas. 

Hare  on  the  most  exposed  places  on  both  islands. 
98   Polemonium  caeruleum,  L.,  var.  grandiflorum,  L.mIcI). 

Abundant  on  the  slopes  of  the  lowe,'  hills  on  both  islands. 
•  99   Polemonium  pulchellum,  lliiiig.-,  var.  macrauthwm,  lA'd.l.. 

OftcT  with  the  last,  but  also  on  the  ...ore  exposed  hillsides.     White-f^-owered 
plants  very  common. 

.  Bntrichium  chamissbnis,  A.  PC. 
Com.non  on  St.  Taul  Island. 

101.  Mertensia  maritima,  Don. 

Not  rare  along  the  seashore  on  both  islands. 

102.  Veronica  serpyllifolia,  1,. 
Springy  places,  St.  Paul  Island. 


'.>• 
w. 


570 


TIIK    PHI!    SEALS    OF    TMF,    l'KII?ILOK    ISLANDS. 


103.  Veronica  atelleri,  I 'nil. 

Graasy  banks  by  a  jjoiul  iioar  the  south  etui  of  St.  Paul  Lslaiid. 

104.  Pedicularis  verticillata,  L. 
('oiumon  on  both  ishiiids. 

105.  Pedicuhtris  sudetica,  Willil. 

Not  raro  about  iiiarsihes  on  St.  Paul  TKlaiid. 

106.  Pedicularis  laiigsdorfii,  Fisch. 
Hillsides  and  uplands  on  both  islands. 

107.  Pedicularis  lanata,  WilUI. 

Common  with  the  last  on  St.  Panl  Island. 

108.  Euphrasia  o£Bcinalis,  L. 

One  locality  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

109.  Gynandra  gmeliiii,  C'liani.  and  Sclil. 
llathei"  rare  on  both  islands. 

110.  Oynandra  stelleri,  ('liaiii.aiid  Schl. 
liare  on  St.  Panl  Island. 

111.  Koenigia  islaiidica,  I.. 
Kather  rare  on  both  islands 

112.  Polygonum  viviparum,  I,. 
Common  on  both  islands. 

113.  Polygonum  macouiiii,  .1.  K.  Small.     (Plate  XCIV. ) 

Perennial  by  a  horizontal  chatly  rootstftck.  Foliajii'  brijtht  jjroen,  glabrous  or 
nearly  so.  Stems  usually  several  together,  .'5  to  4  dm.  tall,  simple,  leafy  to  the  top; 
leaves  basal  and  cauline;  blades  oblong,  5  to  12  cm.  long,  ol)tuse,  more  or  less  strongly 
revolute,  sometimes  minutely  pubescent  beneath,  marginal  nerves  prominent;  the 
basal  and  lower  cauline  leaves  long  petioled,  the  upper  cauline  short  i)etioled  or 
nearly  sessile;  ochreae  very  thin,  5  to  8  cm.  long  on  the  lower  ])art  of  the  stem,  1  to  4 
cm.  long  on  the  upper  parts;  raceme  .'>  tu  .'$.5  cm.  long,  short  peduncled,  the  lower 
part  producing  numerous  conic  bulblets  5  to  (5  mm.  long,  continuous;  jtedicels  about 
1  or  1.5  mm.  long;  ochreolae  very  thin,  acute;  perianth  pink,  1*  to  2..5  mm.  long;  seg- 
ments oval  or  rhombic  oval,  obtuse;  filaments  strap  shaped;  ovary  oval,  3-angled; 
styles  3-parted;  achenes  not  seen.  A  remarkable  si)ecies  of  Polygonnm,  in  habit 
like  a  gigantic  P.  riripdnoH.  Besides  its  much  more  robust  habit,  the  compact  racenu>, 
with  its  large  ocreolae  and  very  small  calices,  serve  as  a  ready  means  of  distinguishing 
between  the  two  species. 

In  boggy  ground  near  a  ditch  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

Intermediate  between  P.  rivipa nun,  L.,  ami  P.  bistorfa,' 1j.;  perhaps  a  hybrid 
between  these  species  or  P.  ricipancm  and  /*.  bistortouhx,  Pursh,  though  ditfering 
widely  from  both  and  of  much  larger  size  tha.i  either.  Mr.  Holm's  excellent  drawing 
is  of  a  small  specimen;  the  average  height  is  from  18  to  30  inches. 

114.  Polygonum  bistorta,  L. 

By  a  little  brook  near  Zapadni  rookery,  St.  George  Island.  Specimens  were  not 
collected  and,  though  recorded  under  the  above  name,  the  specimens  seen  were 
probably  P.  hhtortoides,  Pursh. 


I 


THE    PLANTft   OF   THB    PRilUl-OF    ISLANDS. 


571 


113.  Oxyria  reniformis,  Hook. 

Common  in  (buMp  ravin«>H  or  u    damp  snots  on  hillsides  on  botli  i.slands. 

116.  Rumex  acetosella,  I.. 

On  sandy  soil  on  St.  Piuil  Island. 

117.  Salix  arctica,  I'all. 

The  common  willow  on  both  islands. 

118.  Salix  arotioa,  l^iH.,  v;ir.  oboordata,  Atid.rs. 
Rarer  than  the  hist. 

119.  Salix  phylicoides,  And. 

Collected  on  Bogoslov  Hill  by  Dr.  Mcrriam. 

120.  Salix  reticulata,  I. 

Common  on  hillsides  ami  nplands  on  both  islands. 

121.  Salix  diplodictya,Ti!int\.  .     „     ,, 
Not  rare  on  St.  I'aul  Island.     Determined  by  Mr.  1'.  A.  Rydberj?. 

122.  Salix  ovalifolia,  Trniitv. 
Rare  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

lo"*   «4anx  rotundata,  Kv<ll)er};  ^l!^' 

rmtlTw  llow  very  abundant  on  a  hillside  near  the  village  <m  St.  Paul,  has  been 
collett      tbele  every  vear  since  18<.l.     Mr.  M.  S.  P.cbb  determined  spec.mens  collected 
S    a  ibSOJ,  and  wrote  that  he  believed  then,  to  be  intermed.ate  between  .S. 
/    7/       .uu    V  oralifolio      Mr.  Theo.  riolm,  who  examined  specimens  collected  in 
::^':o:Z^  th       t  b^  Sa,U-  refus.,  I.  .brn.a,  rou.u.n,>,i.u  Trautv.,  while  Mr. 
PA  R    llx  g  believes  them  to  be  new.     Lnndstrihn,  to  whon.  specimens  were  sent 
l;s  ;t  tl      wdting  not  yet  reported  on  them.     This  is,  I  bebeve,  the  same  plant  of 
V  A       Hebb  xvrote  Dr  Merriam  .intermediate  between  .S.  ayct,ca  and  S.  ovah- 
r;;:!L^;;  p^S^  t  :  hybrid.-    I  c..  not  thmU  it  a  hyln.1.     Distributed  tVom 
the  herbarium  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Canada  as  ^o.  K.blo. 

124.  Empetrum  nigrum,  li. 
Common  on  both  islands. 

125.  Streptopus  amplexifolius,  DC. 
In  ravines  on  both  islands. 

lac   Pritillaria  kamtschatcensis,  Ker.  „     ^„  t  1      j 

iTwet  ground,  generally  by  rWnlets  and  brooks.     (%nnmon  on  St.  George  Island; 
in  one  locality  only  (Tolst<.i)  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

"'•  v:;r:;::;^;;;:'on  lis  o.  St.  ram  ls,and,  .mt  ..owering  early  and  soon  hidden 
by  grass. 

128.  Juncua  balticus.  Deth.,  var.  haenkii  (Moy.),  Kr.  Hn<-li. 
(Common  in  marshy  places  on  both  islands. 

129.  Juuous  biglumis,  L. 

Not  rare  on  either  island. 


672 


THE    FUR   SEALS   OP   THK    rRIBILOF    ISLANDS. 


130.  Luzula  arcwata,  Hook.,  \  ar.  unalascliK  iisis,  Vr.  liiuh. 
Kxposed  hilltops  on  both  islands. 

131.  Luzula  confuBa,  Lindlt..  vnr.  latifolia,  Hiirli. 

With  the  hist,  but  aUo  on  lnwcr  levels  on  botii  ishiinls. 

132.  Luzula  campestris,  Hiss.,  viir.  multiflora,  ('fl.ikiivsUx . 

/..  rdmpi'Ktih,  viir.  «ii(hti<<i,  .\li'i riitiii's  list. 

Same  distribution  iis  the  last,  but  not  <|iut(' so  iibundivnt. 

133.  Potamogeton  filifoimia,  !'<  rs. 

In  a  shallow  pond  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

134.  Briophorum  polystachyoii,  I.. 

In  boggy  places  on  St.  i*aul  Island. 

133.  Briophorum  vaginatuni,  1.. 
Bogs  on  St.  (leoige  Island. 

136.  Carex  leiooarpa,  C.  A.  .Mo.vcr. 

On  boggy  tundra  on  St.  <  ioorge  Island.  Xot  rar«'.  On  a  grassy  bank  near  a  ])ond 
on  St.  Paul  Island. 

137.  Carex  pyrenaica,  Mc.ver. 

Young  plants  of  wliat  I  believe  to  be  tliis  species  were  foutul  growing  with  tin* 
last  on  St.  Paul  Island.  My  plants  answer  well  enough  to  .Meyer's  description  of 
V.  liiirropoilii,  which,  according  to  IJoott,  is  identical  with  C  pyirnaiat.  Herb.  No. 
1()(!11. 

138.  Carex  norvegica,  Schk. 

Collected  on  St,  Paul  Island  by  Dr.  Merriani. 

139.  Carex  lagopina,  W.ihi. 

Common  on  both  islands.     The  var.  f/rnrilescciix  in  bogs. 

140.  Carex  lagopina,  Walil,,  v;ir.  loiigisquama,  Geo.  Kukciitliiil. 

Spiivcs,  4  to  <>,  more  elongate  than  in  ty\)k'i\\  ('.  lanopiiiit.  Scales  a  little  longer 
than  the  perigynia,  broadly  hyaline  on  the  margins.  Mossy  uplands,  St.  Paul  Island. 
Herb.  No.  lOOL'O. 

141.  Carex  pribylovensis,  .1.  M.  Miicouii. 

Culm,  30  to  10  <!m.  high;  spikes.  ',i  to  I:  ovate,  roundish  in  a  den.se  head;  utricu- 
lus  broadly  ovate,  very  shortly  beaked;  scales  broad  and  abnost  obtuse,  a  little 
shorter  than  the  ntri(!uli.  Intermediate  between  <\  liKjopiiia  and  ('.  (/larcona,  to  the 
latter  of  which  species  this  plant  has  been  referred  by  Profes.sor  P>ailey.  Herb.  No. 
lfi(J()9. 

142.  Carex  gmelini.  Hook. 
Common  on  both  i.slands. 

143.  Carex  vulgaris,  Fries. 

An  almost  typical  fonn  of  this  species  is  common  on  low  flats  where  water  lies 
late  in  the  spring.     Specimens  nearly  approa(diing  the  viir.  tiiiJ'o.s<i,  Fries  (Herb.  No. 
1(>012),  were  collected  in  a  marsh  on  St.  Paul  Island.    These  have  been  identified  as  • 
C.  ruhiaris  var.  Jniprrhorca  by  Professor  Bailey  and  (J.  liiinilo  by  Mr.  Kukenthal.    The 
rhizome  strong;  scales  black;  perigynium  nerveless;  and  in  these  respects  they  agree 


i 


\ 


THK    IM.ANTrt   OF    THE    PRIKII.oF    ISLANDS. 


fi7;i 


With  C.lnnuU,,  Fn«s,  but  the  leaves  are  nam,wer  an.l   the  short.pe.lnnehMl  spiUes 

erect. 

"'  T,r.;*:  hM,',, ..U.r  or  „.  many  to.,,.,  i»  c ,„  o„  „ot„  i,,».„.».    T|,» 

V         (ilS    ».iV  -oIlccU..!  iu  a  »li«l.tlv  8ali„o  n.arsl,.     Will,   il  «"■»■  tl,.,  var.  .»l,.,... 

""'';':r,w"t'--"-  ...•  l>v.  >>e.-iaa,.»  list ,  bCa..  ,„  be  ,„i,  -p.™-,  U„.„«„ 
1  have  not  seen  his  specimens. 

145.  Carex  cryptooarpa,  C.  A.  Meyer. 
( 'oininon  on  both  islaiuls. 

146.  Carex  maorochaeta,  C  A.  Meyer. 

C.  pudocarpa,  R.  Br.  ,   .  ,        1:4.  .  „.,i,. 

Common  on  both  ishm.ls;  the  form  graeUior  Muu\  ...  o„e  lo<.al.t>  o„l>. 

oror.haeta  ('    A.  M.'V.r,  var.  subrigida,  r„o.  Kukdilli.il. 
'      ,  I,Tm  tales  .a,!,.,-  broa.l  an,l  v..,v  n,i,l.  .1...  l.-av.s  Ions.;,   ll.a,,  .bo 

,      "  ;;w.;      ,iko  en,aku.tth„ba»,.:  all  ,!,.■  »,,iK.-»  l..ns>'r  an,l  an,.!,  narrow,.,- 
u;!;;;;:;^  .m.i«Ua,,ec<,  rati..-  loo,„,lo„,.re„  ,o»ar,.  ,Ue  base,  .scab,  bavlly 

™tX,^7tvo«««,    »otio„B  ,v„.l  .be..'  is  U„l..evule„ccorbybri,li».,o., 

:rr?ro:Itbt  Ke,,:r:i  appeara,,ce  of  .be  „la.,.,  1  ,.,.....r  t lopt  .bo  .,»,„«  .,ve„  ,t 

by  Mr.  Kiikenthal. 

very  »b„„..ant  i,,  a  b..e  ;;^.''-;-  -;;;;;:  J' Jll'     ;    ,;;',bl,':;":„  b,:.;;!;  cover. 

care.,  at  leas  «^;-7t.irjs'      1  ,."■■.    ...ied  .„eei,„e„s  give  „o  l,i„t  ,l,a. 
„,g  a„  area  of  Irom  -4  to  ■<"  ""  «^   .  ^    ,,   ,,  [,|,„„,   ,„  !„,»,,  it  b.'s 

tbe  plaat  ,s  „.t  erect ,,,  ba^a  i  b at  Mo    .u  t    s  .  1    .^^  ^ ^ ^    ^^^^  ^^^^^^^^  .^  ^.  ^,^^^^^„^,,^ 

Hat  o„  .be  s.o,„al,.'V«^"     bu,  '^«'y  >""""-  „,.i,.  .v,,.  i„„,  s,  ,listril,a,e,l  as  C  <<.m,,mt,,, 

*'<»vere<l  hv  the  snrr()unai..g  heiDagt.     iiciu. -x'.  ^      ,  '    ,  . 

K.  Br     The  ('.  sa.ratnis  of  Dr.  Merriam's  list  I  take  to  be  th.s  species. 

149.  Carex  rariflora,  Smith. 

Collected  by  Mr.  Palmer  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

150.  Hieroohloa  borealia,  K.  iiiid  ^*. 
l^Iot  rare  on  either  island. 

151.  Hierochloa  pauciflora,  K.  Br. 
Rare  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

152.  AlopecuruB  alpinus,  Smith. 
Common  on  both  islands. 

153.  Alopecurus  howellii.  Vas.y,  var.  merriami.  Beal. 

On  bare  ground  that  has  been  used  as  hauli..g  grounds  by  seals,     (.ro^  ...  dense 
clu.«ps,  decumbent  in  habit.     Not  see.,  elsewhere  tha..  on  dry,  bare  grou..d. 


1 


574 


THE    rm    SEALS    OP    THE   PRIKII.OF   IHLANUS. 


1S4.  Fhleum  alpinum,  L. 

Coininoii  on  both  islands. 

199.  PbippBia  algida,  U.  Hr. 

Collected  on  St.  Paul  Island  by  Mr.  Talnior  in  181»1,  and  a  few  specimens  by  myself 
on  the  same  island  in  181>7. 

196.  ArctogroBtiB  latlfolla,  (iriseli. 
Common  on  both  islands. 

197.  ArctogroBtlfl  latlfolla,  (iiisrli.,  var. 

Plants  referred  here  wen^  named  .1.  (innidinacea  (Trin.)  by  Professor  Scribner, 
but  I  can  not  agree  with  him  that  they  are  that  species,  in  default  of  sufficient 
Kuropean  material  for  comparison  1  prefer  to  leave  my  plant  without  a  name  for  the 
present.     Herb.  No.  10632. 

198.  CalamagroBtis  purpuraBcens,  Vasiy. 

Rare  on  St.  Paul  Island.     Named  C.  nrvtU-u  by  Vasey  in  1891!. 

199.  CalamagroBtis  deBchampBioideB,  Trin. 

Very  abundant  where  found,  but  hxial  in  its  distribution. 

160.  DeachampBiacaeBpitosa,  licaiiv.,  viir.  arctloa,  Vascy. 
Very  abundant  on  both  islands. 

161.  TriBetum  BubBpioatura,  1*.  1!. 
Very  abuiulant  on  both  islands. 

162.  Poa  arctica,  R.  Hr. 

Variable  but  common  on  both  islands.  

163.  Poa  caesia,  .Sniitli. 

A  form  of  this  species  was  collected  on  St.  George  Island. 

164.  Poa  glumarlB,  Trin. 

Rare  on  St.  Paul  Island. 
365.  DupontiapBilosantha,  Kiipr. 

Common  in  marshes  on  both  islands. 

166.  Arctophila  effuBa,  Lange. 

Not  rare  on  either  island.     The  A.  fiilnt  of  Dr.  Merriam's  list  difters  somewhat 
from  other  specimens  collected  on  the  Pribilof  Islands,  but  seems  to  be  this  .species. 

167.  Glyceria  anguatata,  Fries. 

Common  on  both  islands,  particularly  in   the  vicinity  of  the  seal  rookeries  and 
hauling  grounds. 

168.  Glyceria  vilfoidea,  (Ainln.)  I'riiw. 

Abundant  on  saline  nuul  Hats,  but  no  llowering  i»]aiits  found.     Not  before  known 
irom  Alaska. 

169.  FeBtuca  rubra,  L. 

Common  on  both  islands,  but  variable,  the  var.  burhata,  Ilack.,  being  very  rare, 
and  a  form  near  F.  ricliardsoni  hardly  less  so. 

170.  FeBtuca  ovlna,  L.,  var.  violacea  (Gaud.),  Grisob. 
Common  on  sandy  soil  on  St.  Paul  Island. 


TKK    I'LANIS    OF    THE    I»RIUILOF    ISL.VNDH. 


r)7a 


171.  BlymuB  mollis,  I'liii. 

Very  coinnioii  <m  hotli  islaiitlH. 
172    BlymiiB  villoslhHlmiiB,  Stribn. 

(Juhns  stout, .»  a....  h.Kl.,  tVo,n  cm  oepin^  ,o„t  stocks ;  leaves  of  ster.le  sl.oots  i.ano w, 
as  long  as  the  c  ,l.n -,  leaves  of  the  euln.  <<Mni>a,atively  short  (O  to  VA  e.n.  an,l  broad 
m  10  n.n.).  Hi.ikes  ovate-oblong,  r,  to  (1  en.,  long.  Spikelets  densely  villous,  lo  to 
i")  ,.l>n,,L'to.llU>were.l.  K„M>ty  glmnes  n  nrowly  laneeolate  aeu.nn.ate,.^nc^^^^^^^^^^ 
abou  as  lo"  g  as  the  llorets,  densely  silky  villous  on  the  baek.  Third  glunu,  IJ  to  1. 
mn  high?  Onerved,  ovate-lanceolate,  aeute.  Palea  about  as  Ion,  as  the  gluu.e, 
"  oothctl,  hairv  .M,  the  Hides  and  baek,  ciliate  on  the  keels,  rachil la  densely  l>"l>--«n^. 

cl».on  in  depressions  on  grassy  uplands,     (irowing  with  \  alenana  cajntata, 
Viola  UiniiHthrfii,  Kiibm  xMIuIhs,  and  such  plants. 

173.  Equisetuin  arvense,  L. 
(]onnnou  on  both  islands. 

174.  Bquiaetum  Boirpoides,  Miclix. 
(5oininon  on  both  islands. 

175.  BquiseUmi  variegatum,  Sililei'  li- 

Abundant  at  the  north  end  of  St.  Paul  Island. 

176.  Botrychium  lunaria,  Swart/. 

Kare  among  sand  dmif^s  on  8t.  I'aul  Island. 
177   phegopteris  polypodioides,  IV«.  ,,^   ,,      i   i  ., 

Collected  on  St.  George  Island  by  Me..srs.  True  and  I'rentiss,  and  on  St.  l>a«l  by 

Mr.  rainier. 

178.  Asplenium  filix-foemiua,  IJeruii. 

vot  rare  in  the  interior  of  St.  Taul  Island. 

179.  ABpidium  BpinuloBum,  Swartz,  vai.  dilatatum,  H.x.k. 

Ooramon  on  both  islands. 

180.  Aspidium  filix-mas,  Swart/.. 
Karo  on  St.  George  rslaiid. 

181.  Cystopteris  fragilis,  Jiernli. 
Common  on  both  islands. 

Two  ferns,  Polwodium  vnUjare,  1.,  and  Asindium  lonrhu      Swartz,  supposed  to 

Inve  ll'en  eoUected"  on  the  Pribilof  Islands  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Townsend,  are  ineluded  in 

;    Merri' u^s  list,  but  as  the  specimens  are  not  in  the  United  States  National  Uer- 

Uanum  and  i.o  one  else  has  eollected  these  .species  on  the  Pribilof  Islands,  they  have 

been  excluded  from  this  list.    They  are  both  common  rit  L  nalaska. 

182.  Lycopodiiim  aelago,  L. 
Common  on  both  islands. 

183.  Lycopodium  alpiuum,  L. 

Itocky  uplands  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

184.  Lycopodium  annotinum,  L.,  vur.  pungens,  Spreug. 
Barren  uplands  on  St.  Paul  Island. 


670 


THE    KUU    HEALS   OK   THE   PKIBILOF    ISLANDS. 


Ml'SCI. 


Sphagnum  fliubrlatum  WIIm.,  var.  arotloum.  C  .Ii'iihoii. 

Tliis  variety  and  the  form  /iisciMcmM,  VVariiHt..  rcconlwl  by  Dr.  Murriuiu.  N<) 
locality.    St.  I'aul  Irtlainl.     (.1.  M.  Mac«»un.) 

Bphagnum  girgenahonil,  Mnnn. 

l5<»Pf,'y  spots,  St.  (ieorp;o  Islaiitl.     (.1.  M.  Mat'ouii.) 
Sphagnum  lindbergil,  Srhpr.,  mm.  microphyllum,  lonna  brachydaayolada  WartiHt. 

Ueconlotl  by  Dr.  Merriaiii.     No  locality.    St.  Paul  Island.    (J.  M.  Muuuua.) 
Sphagnum  riparium,  Aon^str. 

Boys,  St.  George  Island.     (.1.  M.  Maeoun;  Dr.  Merriam.) 
Sphagnum  squarroaum,  reiN.,  var.  imbrlcatum,  Srh|i. 

Bogs,  St.  (leorge  Island.  (.1.  M.  Macoun.)  Dr.  Merriani  records  the  form  hrachy' 
aiioclado  \Vavnst.     No  locality. 

Sphagnum  e  luarroaum,  Pt^rH.,  viir.  aenii-aquarroaum  Kush. 

St.  Paul  Island.  i.I.  M.  Macoun.)  St.  George  Island.  (J.  M.  Macoun;  Dr. 
Merriam.) 

Oicranoweiaia  criapula,  I.iitdl). 

On  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island.     (.1.  ]M.  Macoun;  Palmer.) 

Oncophorus  wahlenbergii,  Urid. 

On  th«^  ground,  St.  George  Island.     (Dr.  Merriam;  .1.  M.  Macoun;  Palmer.) 

Dicranella  rufescens,  Schiuip. 

On  earth,  St.  I'aul  Island.    (J.  M.  Macouu.) 

Dicranum  moUe,  Milx. 

Crevices  of  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island.     ( J.  M.  Macoun.) 

Dicranum  atrictum,  .Scbleicli, 

St.  Paul  Island.     (J.  M.  Macouu.) 

Dicranum  elongatum,  Schleich. 

St.  Taul  Island.     (Dr.  Merriam.) 

Campy lopus  achimperi,  Milde. 

On  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island^    (J.  M.  Macouu.) 

Ceratodon  purpureus,  Brid. 

On  earth,  St.  Paul  Island.     (Dr.  Merriam;  J.  M.  Macoun;  Palmer.) 

Ceratodon  heterophylla,  Kindb.     Ott.  Nat.,  Vol.  V,  p.  179. 

Agrees  with  Vrratodon  purpureus  in  the  shape  of  the  capsule  and  the  stem  leaves, 
the  not  excurrent  costa  and  the  revolvable  annulus,  but  the  capsule  is  often  more 
curved  and  distinctly  strumose;  agrees  with  Ceratodon  conieus  (Hampe.)  in  the  peristo. 
mial  teeth  having  few  articulations;  differs  from  both  in  the  blunt  perichetial  leaves; 
is  also  very  peculiar  in  the  short,  concave,  suboval  leaves  of  the  long  shoots. 

Common  on  earth,  St.  Paul  Island.    (J.  M.  Macoun.)    First  collected  in  1891. 


1 
1 


Till'.  n.ANTs  or  Tiir-  I'Kimi.oi'  islands. 


rui 


No 


••-■""•"  ''•'''^•'^'':;:;S;t::;;uv;:■'"^' ,:;:': ;^^^^  .-h  ^  ...oJ  o.  les. ..urvd, 

loiiper  miiminatc  (»i' «iiimi.iu  «  HUM  .  i 

St.  Paul  Ishml.     ,.).  M.  Manmn.)     K.rst  rnll..c,t..a  ...  IhO 

DeBinatodon  latifolius,  IH  i«l. 

Bt.  i'luil  Islan'l.     (l'alii»'>'-) 
Desmatodon  »y»tJllu»,  Hr.  mhX  Scli. 

Hl.Vaiil  Islaii.l.     (  Dr.  Mmiiam.) 

-.1        M..   P.Jnw.i'minr  I  >r   McMTiiiiii's  sntH-iiiieiirt  of />««>H«/*»<f<»H,  itui 

...n.' r;;::,::;: ::'"". ': v',;;;:;::.  iic' ;-.  «...«""•  ".''-'y  m.,..- ".  -:/- 

//h.v  is  comii..*!.  at  I'imlaska. 
Orimmlaapocarpa,  Heilw. 

On  rocks,  «*.  >'"""*^1»"'^-     (.'■  M- ^•'"•'•""•) 

On  KH-ks,  St.  l'iiiinsl»i"'l-      1)1.  Mfinaiii,  laiiim, 
Racomitiiummicrocarpxim,  liii'l.  ,     ,  ,     .,  f 

^t   I'Mul  Island      (Dr.  Mt-rriam.)     Probably  the  next. 

St.  1  anl  island,     yi  ^^^^     ^,,,  ^.j      ...j^ 

teeth,  the  narrow  leat  cella,  et(.     ( 1  aiiii«  1 ,  •  ■      • 

Palnior  in  ISUO. 

Orthotrichumlaevigatuni, /elt.  ,    ..     ,.  n 

IJoeks,  St.  Paul  Tslan.l.     (Dr.  Merriam;  .1.  M.  Maeoun.) 
Orthotiichum  microplephare,  Schiiui). 

St.  raul  Islaiul.     (Dr.  Merriam.) 
Tetraplodon  mnioides,  I!r.  nn.l  S.li. 

>Vet  ba.,ks,  St.  Paul  Islan.l.     (Dr.  Merriam;  .1.  M.  Maeoun.) 
Splachnum  woi mskioldii  (  Hnrno.  S  KLxU.. 

St.  (leorge  Islan.l.     (.1.  M.  Macoiin.) 

Bartramiaithypliylla,  lliitl.  .       ,,        •  1    IVI    \1 iiiin 

i-       i,c  Sit    I'niil  Island      (Dr.  Merriam    . I.  M.  Macoiin.) 
(Jrevices  ot  roe'^s,  bt.  I  ani  is.ano.     v  ».  » 

Bartraniia  pomiformiB,  U.-dw. 

St.  Paul  Island.     (Palmer.) 
PhilonotiBfoutaua,  llri.l. 

St.  Paul  Island.     (Dr.  Merriam;  .).  M.  Macouu.) 

5947— rx  y -'7 


578 


THE    FUR   SEALS   OF   THE    PRIHILOP    ISLANDS. 


Webera  polymorpha,  Sdiinii).  vni',  brachy  carpa,  KimlU. 

Crevices  of  damp  rocks,  St.  George  Isliuid.     i.I.  M.  JMiicoun.) 

Webera  raicrocaulon,  ('.  M.  uml  Kiudb. 

St.  George  Island. 
Webera  nutans,  llwlw. 

Ou  earth,  St.  Paul  Island.     (.1.  M.  M.icoun;  I'ahner.) 
Webera  cucullata,  Schiiii|). 

Crevices  of  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island.    (Dr.  Merriani;  ,1.  :\!.  Macouii.) 

Webera  canaliculata,  ('.  M.  mid  KintU).  vnr.  microcarpa,  Kiiidli. 

Separated  from  the  species  only  by  its  .smaller  capsuU'.  St.  Paul  Island.  (.1.  M, 
Macoun.) 

Webera  cruda,  Schiiuj). 

Crevices  of  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island.     (J.  M.  INIacoun;  Palmer.) 

TVebera  albicans,  Scliiuiit. 

On  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island.     (J.  M.  Macoun.) 
Bryum  arcticum,  IJr.  and  Scli.  • 

St.  Paul  Island.     (Dr.  Merriam.) 
Bryum  pendulum,  Schiiu)). 

On  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island.     (Dr.  Merriam;  J.  M.  JIacoun.) 
Bryum  inclinatum,  Hr.  and  Sch. 

St.  Paul  Island.     (Dr.  l\Ierriani.) 

Bryum  fMudei,  Kiiulb.,  Ott.  Nat.,  Vol.  V,  p.  180. 

Habit  of  Wehera  nntanH.  Agiees  with  liryiim  inclinatum  in  the  syn'^ecious  inflo- 
rescence and  the  symmetric  capsule,  etc.;  differs  in  the  leaves  being  long-acuminate, 
cells  long  and  narrow,  the  upper  subiinear  (nearly  as  in  Webcni),  costa  very  long- 
excurrent,  peristomial  segments  (]uite  free  from  the  teeth,  spores  smaller,  scarcely  0.02 
mm.;  the  cilia  are  wanting. 

Crevices  of  rocks,  St.  Paul  Islaiul.     (J.  M.  Mac»»un.)     I'irst  collected  in  18!M. 

Bryum  brachyneuron,  Kiiulb.,  Ott.  Nat.,  \o\.  V,  i>.  1S(I. 

Agrees  with  Hyrum  pernhdum  in  the  syno<icious  iuHorescenco,  tlu;  peristonies-? 
orange,  the  segments  adhering  to  the  teeth,  th»!  apicuiate  lid  and  the  large  spores 
(about  0.04  mm.);  differs  in  the  decunent  leaves,  short-ovate,  the  costa  broad,  abbre- 
viate, not  excurrent,  the  sterile  shoots  bearing  globose  buds  (geinnuie),  the  very  much 
broader  peri'^tomial  teeth.  Stem  red,  very  short,  the  pedicel  about  1  cm.  long  oi' 
shorter,  often  scavcely  emerging  above  the  tufts;  .-osta  of  the  lowest  leaves  red,  per- 
curreut  only  in  the  leaves  of  the  shoots  and  the  perichetiiil  ones;  capsule  veutridose, 
short-necked  constricted  below  the  numtli.  lUyum  faUa.r,  Milde.,  resembling  it  in 
habit,  is  dioecious;  the  segments  are  free,  the  spores  smaller.  liri/Km  iacustrc  ditter.s 
in  not  having  decurrent  leaves,  the  capsule  not  being  constricted  below  the  mouth,  the 
pedicel  longer,  the  peristome  pale,  etc. 

Crevices  of  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island.     (J.  M.  .Macoun.)     First  collected  in  1801. 
Bryum  argenteum,  L. 

Common  on  earth,  St.  Paul  Island.     (J.  M.  Macoun.) 


THE   PLANTS   OF   THE    PKIBILOF    ISLANDS. 


571) 


Bryum  obtusifolium,  Liiidl.. 

St.  Paxil  IsUuul.    (raliv.er.l 
Bryuin  erytluophyllnm,  Wiix'.l" 

St.  Paul  Island.     (Palmer.) 
Mnhim  subglobosum,  Hi-.  mi..1  Sch. 

St.  Paul  Islaii.l.     (Dr.  Meniaiu.) 

P8ilopil«marctic«m,Un.l.  ,      j      ,J.  M.  Macouu;   Pal.uer.) 

Common  on  earth  on  St.  1  aul  isi.mu.     ( 
PoKonatumdeutatum,  I'-ri.l. 

(,nearth,St.PauMslana.     (.1.  M.  Maconn.) 

Pogonatumalpinun,,  l^.eUl  M.rriam;  Palmer;  J.  M.  Maeoun.) 

On  earth  and  rocks,  bt.  1  aul  IManci.     ^ 

St.  Paul  Islaml.     (Palmer;  -1.  M.  Maeoun.) 
PolyUichum  suictu...  nanus.  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^ 

St.  Paul  Island.     (l»r.  iUtiu.ii".; 
Polytrichum  boreale,  Kin.U..  ,.,,,,,,„«,<■»..   priueipally  in  the  leaves  being 

I>i,erins  IVo-n  f^.  l^^j^' .^  f  ^^.^^  n  the  nin>er  .art,  red  in  the  lower, 
distinctly  dentaie  above:  the  api  v  ij.u 

St.  Paul  Island.     (,I.  M.  Maeoun.) 
Brachythecium  albicans,  U. .  a.ul  S.L. 

St.  Paul  Island.     (Palmer.) 
Brachythecium  livulare.  Br.  an.l  S.h. 

St.  Paul!  Bland.     (Dr.  Merriam.) 
EurhvncV.iumvaucheri,  (Sel.imi..). 

0„  ,™u»,  St..  .iocse  Irfaiui.     „V  M.  Ma..,,,,..) 

p„^„«<.i«»  p.-»..«.  ';;:»•;;;;;;,„,  ,,.  „.  „,.«,,„„.> 

On  other  moss.     St.  I  aul  isi.um.     v 
Evpnumuucinatum,  ll<'<l\v. 
■     St.  i'aul  rshvud.      .).  M.  Maeoun.) 

(^.alliei gou  cordifolium,  1  le.l  w . 

St.  Paul  Island.     (.1.  M.  Maeoun.) 

Hylocomium  spleiuieus,  S.'„. :!:•,!  „   ,       ,.  s 

St.Paunsland.     (Dr.  Merriam;  Palmer.) 

Hylocomixim  alaskauiun.  Sohiini.. 

St.  Paul  Island.     (J.  M.  Mae.mn.) 
Hylocomium  squarroBum,  s.hin.p.  ,,.„„.„.,,    M.  Maeoun.) 

St.  Paul  Island.     (Dr.  Mernam;  Lahmr,  .1. 


580 


THE    FUR    SKALS   OF   THE    PRHULOF    IfSLANDS. 


Hylocomium  Iriquetmm,  Scliimp. 

St.  Paul  Island.     (Dr.  Meniam;  I'silmor.) 

HKrATK'AK. 
Diplophyllum  taarifoliiim,  Nees. 

St.  Paul  Island.     (Dr.  Merriain;  .1.  M.  Maconn.) 

Herberta  adunca,  S.  F.  (Jriiy. 

St.  Paullslaud.     (Dr.  Merriaiii.) 

Oymnomitrium  coralloides,  Neos. 

St.  Paul  Island.     (Dr.  Merriain;  .1.  M.  .Macoiin.) 

LICHENS   (rOLLKCTKl)    UV    J.   >I.   :MA(U>rN). 

Ramalina  cuspidata,  (Ach.)- 

On  rocks  and  earth,  St.  Paul  Island.     ayi(cili.s:  altUmlo  4  to  7  cm.;  sporae,  1(»  to 

14  mik. 

Ramalina  polymorpha,  Ach. 

On  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island.     Xet/iir  hare  ne<iiir pninrdnis  kolio  vohnutur. 

Cetraria  aculeata,  (Sclirt't).),  l"i 

On  earth,  St.  Paul  Island. 
Cetrana  arctica,  (Hook.). 

On  earth,  St.  Paul  Island. 

Cetraria  islandica,  (L.)  Ach. 

Very  common  and  variable  on  both  islands;  the  Ibruis  //)v(C(7/,v and  robmta  growing- 

with  the  type. 

Cetraria  islandica  var.  delisoei,  (Hor.). 
Common  on  St.  Paul  Island. 

Cetraria  cuouUata,  (Bell.),  A.  li. 

On  earth,  St.  Paul  Island. 
Cetraria  nivalis,  (1..),  Acli. 

On  earth  on  both  islands. 

Cetraria  fahlunensis,  (!>.),  Schaei. 
On  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island. 

Cetraria  lacimosa,  Ach. 

On  rocks  and  earth  on  botii  islands. 
Alectoria  jubata,  (L.),  viii.  chalybaeformis,  Ach. 

On  earth  on  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island. 

Alectoria  divergens,  Wahlinl). 

Mixed  with  the  last.     Medtdn  vhlorcnUio  nihcscii. 

Alectoria  thulensis,  Fr.  Fries. 

Common  on  earth  on  both  islands. 
TheloBchiBteslychneus,  (Nyl.),  var.  pygmaeus,  I'l. 
Rare  on  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island. 


THE    PI.ANTS    OF    THi:    I'KIUll-OF    ISLAiVDS. 


581 


,  1(»  t.) 


rowiiijr 


Parmelia  Baxatilis,  (L.)  I'r.  :  .i..,„i<.   tVenuently  foni'tl  abiionually  coloied 

Oomn.on  on  m-Us  and  eajth  ^l^^'\;f^^^Z^n  on  earth,  St.  Ceorge  Island, 
from  red-brown  to  a  beautiful  violet.     An  .sul.tei 

Parmelia  BaxatilU.  (L.),  Vr.,  var.  Bulcata,  Nyl. 

On  rocks,  St.  George  Island. 

Parmelia  physodes,  Acb.,  v.r  vittata,  A.I.. 

On  earth,  St.  Pmil  island. 

Umbilicariarugifera,Nyl.  v«c  '»7  and  "S      Chhrn-alvh  Htmtnm  vortieale  alter ius 

On  rocks  on  both  islands,  Nos.  ^i  aiui 
spccmims  rube^cit,  altenus  non  mutatur. 

,  ■        ,1    \    nnlis     var.  delisoei,  Despa. 
Umbilioaria  cylindnca,  (h.),  T'elm.. 

On  rocks  on  both  islands. 

Umbilioaria  eiosa,  Ach. 

On  rocks  on  both  islands. 

Umbilicaiia  proboBcidea,  (h.),  St.uh. 
On  rocks  on  both  islands. 

Peltigeracanina,  (L.),  HotVm 
On  moss  on  both  islands. 

Peltigexa  canina.  (L.),  var.  BpongioBa,  Tuck. 
With  the  last,  but  not  so  common. 

Paimaria  bninnea,  (Sw.),  Mass. 

On  earth  and  rocks,  St.  (Veorge  Island. 

Placodiumelegans,  (Link.).  >»'• 

Hare  on  rocks,  St.  raullsland. 

Leoanoraventosa,  (l-.),Acl.. 

0„  rocks,  St.  George  Island. 

^^^^;Cr:r:iva;;:Sie  on  rocks  on  both  islands. 

Leca»oraoculata.(l)ick8),Ach 

On  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island. 

.eoano^aocuiat.  (1^0. --;^a.- -^^  „,,„,,.,  ,.,;.  ,Ue.eU  et  Caoreal.o 

On  rocks,  ot.  raui  i»i.i" 


582 


THK    FUK    SEALS    OF    THK    PKIBILOF    18LAN])S. 


Lecanora  Baxicola,  Scliaei .  .       .  ,  .ii„ 

Specimens  Which  .nay  i.rove  t„  represent  a  new  species  have  been  provisionally 

referred  here  by  Mr.  Hrauth. 

Fextusaria  Sp.  (f). 

On  rocks,  St.  George  Island. 
PertusariapanygraCAch.)  Th.  I'r.  ■,    ,   , 

On  rocks,  St.  Paul  .sland.     Sporae  Holihvi„e  UK)  to  WO  mile.  Io.hj.,  no  to  60  m,L  hH. 
(Frustuhm  alternm  iia  olternm  alia  ornsta.)     Tliall,,,  e  laliofere  vmmutatus. 
Stereocaulon  coralloides,  Fr. 

On  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island. 

PilophoruB  robuBtus,  Tiick. 

Under  overhanging  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island. 

Cladonia  alcicornis,  Floerk. 

Under  damp  overhanging  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island. 

Cladonia  decorticata,  Floerk. 

On  earth  and  rocks,  St.  Paul  Island. 
Cladonia  pyxidata,  (L.),  Fr. 

O.i  earth  on  both  islands. 
Cladonia  degenerans,  Tuck. 

On  earth,  St.  Paul  Island. 
Cladonia  graciliB.  (L.),  N.vl.  var.  elongata,  Fr. 

Itare  on  St.  Paul  Island.     The  form  macroceras,  Tinrk.,  is  still  rarer. 

Cladonia  furcata,  FiiidB.  var.  raceraosa,  Fl. 

On  earth  on  both  islands. 
Cladonia  furcata,  lliul.s.  var.  siibulata,  Fl. 

On  earth  on  both  islands. 

Cladonia  r?  .giferina,  Hoffui. 

Common  on  earth  on  both  i.slands. 

Cladonia  rangiferina,  lloDni.  var.  sylvatica,  I.. 

On  earth,  St.  (_ie<irge  Island. 
Cladonia  rangiferina,  HolVm.  var.  alpestris,  1-. 

Common  on  earth  on  both  islands. 
Cladonia  uncinalis,  Fr.  var.  turgescens,  Fr. 

On  earth,  St.  Paul  Island. 
Cladonia  cornucopioides,  (L.),  Fr. 

(]omraon  on  earth  on  both  islands. 
Cladonia  bellidiflora,  (Ach.),  Scliaer. 

Common  on  earth  on  both  islands. 

Sphaerophorum  globiferum,  DC. 

On  rooks  on  both  islands.    Medulla  I.  cocfulescit. 

Sphaerophorum  fragile,  I'ers. 

On  rocus,  mixed  with  Lecanora  tartana. 


Li 


"  I 


THE   PLANTS   OF   THE    I'KIBILOF   ISLANDS 


583 


iiially 


/.•.  Int. 


"'T— ™T™r:u'«,,  1.0H,  l»te.Hl».     TLc  form  ,,««»»«».  »  rare  on  eartl,  on 

rocks,  vSt.  Paul  Island. 
Normandialaetevirens,  Turn,  ami  Horr. 

An.ou};-  tufts  of  moss,  on  St.  (ieorge  Island. 
HeterotheciumBanguiiiarium,  (1..),  l-'l"t- 

On  rocks  <»n  both  islands. 

Lecidea  s|).  (  ?)•  ,  ,       , 

On  rocks,  St.  George  Island. 

Lecideasj).  (?)■  ^  i       i 

On  rocks,  St.  George  Island. 
Buellia  geographica,  (L.^  Tuck. 

On  rocks,  St.  George  Island. 

Buellia  alpicola,  NValil. 

On  rocks,  St.  George  Island. 

Buellia  si>.  (?)•  ,   ,       i 

On  rocks,  St.  George  Island. 

Veriicairia  sji.  (?). 

::;:ri^;a;::s, ':2::l,s,  .„ea«,e„. . ».»«,. .....  are,,  m.  ., «. «. 

B»,.,.,o. -.-..p, -.e,n.a..  ^^^^^^^^_  ^^^^^^^  ^^^ 

Cladonia  furcata,  Fi'. 

Pycnothalia  cladinoides,  Nyl. 

Cladonia  rangiferina,  HoiVni. 

Cladonia  papillaria,  HotViu. 

Theeloschistes  lychneus,  Nyl. 

Umbilicaiia  hyporea,  Hoftai. 

S\;ereocaulon  coralloides,  Fr. 

Cladonia  Hmbriata,  Fr. 

Lecanorathamnites,  Tuck.  ptTNGI. 

Clitocybe  cyathiformis,  Fr. 

On  earth,  St.  I'aul  Island. 

Clitocybe  diatreta,  Fr. 

On  earth,  St.  Paul  Island. 

Clitocybe  laccata,  S(:ui>. 

On  earth,  St.  Panl  Island. 

Russuia  nigrodiBca,  I'k.    N.w  ^i'-;«-  ^.j,^,,  ,.^„„g  and  nioist,  black  or  black. 

IMlens  thin,  convex  (.rn..ulyi>l.u>evisu<i  .     J  ^^^^^^^^^,^^^  thin,  entire, 

ish  on  the  disk,  pnr,lisi..red  -;^^,  ^ J^  j  ^  ^  ^  ,.earW  e^ual,  white  or  ^vhitish; 
^''"^iC^f  tf^'iXbroad;  stem  1  to  1..  inches  long,  .  to  4  Hues  thick. 


\ 


■)84 


TlIK    I  rU    HEALS    OP    THK    PKIBILOF    ISLANDS. 


Oil  exposed  liillsitles  uinoiis  Cliulonias  and  other  lichens,  St.  Paul  LsLind,  Septem- 
ber IS,  isiM;,     (.I.M.  Macoun.) 

This  species  is  apparently  related  to  U./allax,  from  which  it  may  be  separated  by 
its  daiker  colored  pileus  with  its  even  margin  and  by  its  larger  spores.  Its  uumeroiis 
eoni('ali)ointed  eystidia  project  slightly  from  the  edge  of  the  lamellae.  Having  seen 
only  dry  specimens,  it  is  impossible  to  say  whether  the  flavor  of  the  fresh  plant  is  mild 
or  acrid. 
Flammula  fulvella,  I'k.     Ni^w  8|i(cioH. 

Pileus  tliin,  convex  or  nearly  plane,  glabrous,  subtawny,  the  raarg'n  deflexed  or 
incurved,  llesh  wliitish;  lamellae  thin,  subdistant,  adnate  or  slightly  decurrent,  some- 
what tawny,  inclining  to  ociiraceous  tawny;  stem  equal,  solid,  librillose  or  flbrillose- 
sipiannilose,  colored  like  the  pileus;  spores  elliptical,  O.OOOo  inch  long,  0.00,'$  broad. 

Pileus  0  to  12  lines  broad;  stem  about  1  inch  long,  l.o  to  2  lines  thick. 

Low  ground,  St.  Paul  Island,  September,  18(H).    (J.  M.  Macoun.) 

Having  seen  dried  8i)ecimens  only,  it  is  not  possible  to  give  the  colors  of  the  fresh 
l)lant  nor  of  the  young  lamellae.  Tiie  plants  are  apparently  closely  gregarious  in 
mode  of  growth.  It  is  possible  that  the  i)ileus  may  be  slightly  viscid  when  fresh,  but 
this  (;ould  not  be  satisfactorily  ascertained,  and  therefore  the  tribe  to  which  the  species 
belongs  is  uncertain. 

CortinariuB '. 

On  eartli,  St.  Paul  Island. 
Nalavieaf 

On  cartli,  St.  Paul  Island. 

(ieoijrapliical  dislrihiilion  ofthr  pliaviioiidiiiH  anil  rasciilar  crii/Uoifams  known  to  occur  on  the  I'ribilof  hlamh. 


s 

B 

*a 

■< 

% 

U 

^ 

fc 

i 

-<) 

^ 

U  \^ 


e. 
in 


s 


^   i  1 


Anoiiiniio  rioliardsdiii,  IIi>ok !..-■;  +  [  + 

Ilnniinciilus  Iricopliyllus,  Cliiiix -~  j    )- 

Kiiiiuni  nliiH  pallasii.  Si  hi '....' 

JiaiMini'iilim  nyporlHiri'iis,  Uuttl> \   )-  !  + 


Kanniu'iilim  pyninat'iis,  Walil '    (- 

Kaiiiiiu'iiliis  roiitans,  J, j  -j- 

Haiiiiih  iiliiH  altaicus  Laxiii ....1... 

Itaniiiii'iiliiHOsi'liHolLiiIti'.ii,  Sclil !    )-    ... 

Ciiptis  trilolia.  SalisI) :  +  |    (- 

Aroiiitiimilelphiinl'ciliitiii,  DC ' '... 

I'apavor  raclicatiiin,  Uottb +  I  + 

I'ai)av('r  ii>a('i>niii],  (!i'<'«ik! 
Corvilalis  paiicilliira  Vera . 
Naslnrtiiiiii  i>aliistio.  DC . 
iVcsodralin  firaiidis,  (Irpeiic 

Dralia  liirta.  I +       \- 

Dralia  wahlriilM'rpii,  Martin '. 4-      + 

EutiPTiiiK'ilwarilsii,  K.  lir 4-  '  4- 

Cixhlcaria  nlliciiialin,  L f      -(- 

f^anlaiiiino  l>cni<lil'oIin,  L 4- 

CaKlaniiiK!  jiratriisis,  L 4- 

CantamineiiiiilH'llata,  Greiiii' 

ArabiH  nnilii(;iia,  DC 

Viola  lant'sdortli,  Fiscli 

SilriioacaiiliH,  L -)-  |  ■\- 

L.vcliiim  a|>etala.  L 

Arcuarm  macrocarpa,  I'urah 


M 

.2 

B 

^ 

^ 

N 

fl8 

g 

a 

'A 

■^  1 

~ 

■;  + 
!  + 

+ 


+  I. 


+  t  +  I  +  I  + 


H-   |. 


+   1  + 


+ 
+ 


cj 


+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 


+ 


+  ! 


-t- 
+ 
+ 
+ 

-I- 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


1- 


-t- 
+ 

+ 


^eptem- 


THE    PLANTS   OP   THE    PRIHILOP    ISLANDS. 

(leofiraphtriil  digtvihutinn  of  Ihe  phaeniKjamx  aiul  vasviilar  cryploiiamH.  elf. — Coiitiniietl. 


r..s5 


lilted  by 
Itmerous 

fig  si'eii 
18  mild 


lexod  or 
It,  sorne- 
Ibrillose 
road. 


he  fresli 

rioii8  in 

■esb,  but 

species 


hf  Inlamh. 


v 
CO 


'1 

4 

"S 

i 

♦3 

§ 

f. 

1 

1. 

^ 

... 

+  ' 

-1- 

-f 

+ 

+ 

^• 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+    + 


+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

I 

I 

I- 
+ 
+ 


i 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

-t- 
+ 

+ 

+ 

-i- 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

H 
+ 

+ 

+    1 
+    ■ 

8 

•c 

X 

a 

1 

->) 

-o 

« 

S 

■6  ' 

J3 

a 

e 

t 

0 

I 

15 

» 

•I  1 

-  I  "I  i  «•■ 


Arcnnria  nrntlcn,  Sf ov , 

Arrriariapi^iiloides,  L i-      +      + 

Strlluriii  nieuiii,  Sinitli + 

Sliillaiiii  Ixirt'iilia,  liiuol ■<■  ;    | 

Stcllariii  liiiinilUMa,  Kotlli +      +      -j- 

.Sti'lliiriii  l(>n(;i]ies, Goldlt!,  var.  lacta,  WaH +       i-    ..., 

(JiTaKlimn  al|imiim.  li 4-      +  [  + 

Saj;iiialiiiiiat)i  I'roHl +    + 

Saiiina  iiivaliH,  Fr I     1  •(- 

Claytiiiiia  sariiiiintosa,  C.  A.  Meyer 

Miihtia  loiitaiia,  Ij -(-  1 

(icraiiiiiiii  eriaiitlniin,  DC 

Lnpinns  iiocitkateiiaiB,  I  ton 

I/atli.vriisiiiarilimiin,  Bifjel.,  var.  aleiitirus.  (ireeiie 

IttiliiU  ehaiiiaeiiioruH,  L +     +  |    f 

Uiilinsstelliitris,  Smith 

KuliUM  areticiis.  L +       |-  !  + 

(iiMim  rnasii,  SuriiiK© I 

Silil>al(lia  |irociiiuben8,  L i    | 


i  + 


1 

i 

.a 
a 

4 

a 

X 

N 

■^ 

c9 

*s 

a 

g 

t 

■^ 

'-^^ 

■< 

i. 

Hi 

a 
X 

Si 


b  1^ 


+  ! 


+ 

+ 


.11 


+     + 

I-       i- 


+ 


+  1  + 


+ 


-I- 


+ 


!  + 
•   + 


+ 


Potent  ilia  anacriiia,  I. 

Coniaruiii  ]>aliiHtre,  Ij 

I'oteiitilla  tragi I'lumis,  Willd.  t'.  villiw 

I'dleiitilliieniarginata,  I'iir»li j 

SavilVajiii  liieraiilolinWaldst.aiHl  Kit + 

Saxifrngailaviiriea,  Ij I j ! ]  4 

Siixifraga  slellaris,  I,,  var  loiiiosa,  I'oir |     j   t  I H       -r  |    *-       !  ■+  j    i 

SaxitraKanelsoniaiia,  i>oii ' \.... '....■ [  ■\- 

Saxit'rajiaseriivllil'olia,  I'lirrtli ! ' | i  + 

Saxil'raiia  bracteata,  Don [ ; ' :--..|  + 


I.+ 


Saxifrafra  liirciiliis,  Ij i    (        t- 

Saxilragii  liireiilus,  Ij.  var.  nlpina.  Eii(;l I- 

('lirvxospleniiini  beriiifiiaimm,  J.  N.  Ko»i' 

ClirvHOspleiiinia  alternit'oliiim,  L +      +  I  "t" 

l'arnn.<tHia  kiptzc'lmei,  Cliain.  ami  Scbl 4-      -\-  ]  -f 

Hippiiriit  viiJKariH,  Ij i  4      +  i  + 

Kpilubiuni  clavatuiii.TreK'aae •... 

Kpib)liiiim  lieliriiigiaiiiini,  llaiiasku 

Epil<i)>iiiiii  spicatiini.Laiii j  -(      -i-  I  -|- 

Lijiusticuni  Bcoticiiiii,  L +  I  + 

Seliimra  Itentliami,  Wat j  -(        i    <... 

i.'oelopliireum  Kmeliiii,  Leileb -f.  |  -|- 

C'nnma  Biieeiea,  I. I    |  4- 

(ialintri  triildiiin,Tj i    !... 

Valeriana  capilala.  Pnll +    j... 

Aster  Hibiricii.s,  I, 


.1 


-I- 


-1- 


'+"    + 


•  •!  -I- 


+ 


+  1  + 


1  + 
I  + 


+ 


+ 
+ 


Acbillaeaniillel'(diiim,  L i- 

('lirysautlieiniini  arctieiini.  L :  + 

A  rtemi.siii  gloliiilaria.  (Jliaiii 

Artemisia  norvociea.  Fries  var.  paciiiea.  (Jray 

Arti'iiiiHiariehardsoniaiia,  Hook 

Arte.ini.tia  valgari.s,  Ij.  var.  tiliaii,  lje<leli 

.Ai'niea  nnala.tkeii.tiH,  Le.ss ,. . . 

I'etasitea  I'riifida,  Fries j  + 

Seneiio  ii.sendn. arnica,  Leas 

Taraxaeiiui  ntlirinale,  Wel)er  var.  lividiiM,  Koch 

('anipaniila  iinillnra,  Ij -.■ 

t'ainpannla  lasiocarpa.  t^'liam ;.    . 

rvnila  minor.  Ij |  + 

.\rnieria  vul;;ari.s,  Willd |    ■ 

I'rinnila  nnntoiinii.  (iroene |. . . 

I'rininliieximia.diei'iie j... 

Androaaie  villo.sa,  L 

TrientalLs  enropaea,  I.,  var.  arctiea,  Ledeb . 

("icntiana  tenella.  Uottb 

(ientianafriyida  Haenke 

( ieni iana  Kbiuca,  Pallas 

I'olenioniiinieaHrnleiini,  Ij.  var.  uranditloriiin,  Ledeb 

I'ob'nioniani  piili'bellnin,  Hnngl.,  var.  maerantbiini.Ledb 

Er''   ieliiunienaniissonia.  A.  DO 

Mertenaia  inariliina,  Don 

Veronica  serpyllit'nlia,  L 

Vernnii  a  stelleri,  Pall 

I'edieiilaris  vcrticillata,  L 


-I-  I  +  ! 


-i-i 


h  I  + 


+ 1  + 


+14-1+ 


+ 

+ 


+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 


( 

+ 


+ 
+ 
I- 
+ 
+ 
+ 
i- 


+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 


+ 
I- 
+ 


+ 

+ 


+ 
+ 

^ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

i- 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 


r)S6 


THE    FIR    SKAL8    OF    THE    PKIBILOP    ISLANDS. 

iii'ograpliival  diHlrihtiliuii  o/  lli<  pliaenDfiamH  anil  rascular  vrintloiiitm*,  ilv. — Coiitiiinetl. 


;  8 


I 


i      S      -^ 


a 
X 


i| 


:i 


I- 


+ 


I'l'dicMliui-iamli'tiea,  Willil (•    ....|  + 

INcliciilaris  li\ii;;S(lc)iili,  KiBcli 

I'ldiriiliirisliiiialii.  Willd |    | 

Kii|ilii'aHi:ii>lli('iiinlis.  L 

Gyiiaiiilni  (,'iiK'liiii.  (Iiiiiii.  ami  Sclil 

(i.viiaiiiha  HlclliTJ.  (,'lmiii.aiiil  Sclil 

Ko(.'iii;^ia  i.s|ati<lii-a,  L 

I'olyiioiiiiiii  \  i\'i|iartiiM,  I, 

I'niyKOiiuiii  iiiacoiiiiii.  .1.  K.  Small 

r<ilv}:i(iiiiiii  liiHiciita,  I.  + 

()\vriairiii!'iiriiiis.  llnok + 

KiMmixa(  I'losi'lla,  I •(- 

Mallx  iii'i'lica.  I 'all 4- 

Salix  ]ili,vlii'"i(li»,  And 

Salix  rotii'iilala,  L I    !  +      -)■ 

SallxovalHiilia.  Tiaiitl 

KmpHniiii  iiiunim.  I f  i  +       f 

Jrllillaria  kanit.si'liatcciisi.s.  Kur 

Ll(i\  cliiiHiTiiliiia.  Hrlili i    | 

Stri')it(>]iu.saiiii)li'xil'iiliiis.  ix; )-  i  -[    ,  + 

iliiMciis  Iia1li<  IIS.  Ki'tli.  VHP.  lliK'iikii,  (Mi'.v) 

iliiiii'iiM  lii^liiiiiis.  L '. -+-  I  -h  :    1- 

Lii/iilaiirriiala.  Ilnok.  var.  uiialaskeiisi.s,  Itiicli 

Lii/nliK  iiiiliiKa.  I.imlli.  var.  latil'iilia.  liiicli 

LiiziiliK'niniirstris.  Drsv.  van  siiilillca.  Cilak 

Ki'iopiioriim  jiolvstarhynn.  L ,  -f-  j  -|-      -j- 

Kriii|ili<iriiiii  Mi^jiiaiiim,  li I    i-  t  +      + 

Ciiri'X  h'iocarpa.  (.'.  A.  .Mvycr 

CarrX  Iii)vr;;ii  a,  Siilik ' 

Ciiri'X  lafTiHiina,  Walil +     ^. 

Carex  <;iiiiliiii.  Ilnnk , 

Cairx  viil}:ai'is,  I'licMiuiil  var.s (         , 

Cari'X  cryiitiicaipa,  i'.  \.  .Mcyir 4-      + 

Caicx  Hiilina,   Walil.aiiil  vain 4- 

Cuii'X  inacriK'liai'ta.  ('.  A   Mryi'i' 

C'an.'Xim'mliiam>|iarta.  liailcy ■  -|     

(Iiirrx  raiilloia.  Siiiitli '. j-  '  -f-       i 

Ciuf^x  Niixatilis.  I, 4-4-     T 

llii'iiicliliia  liiii'i'alirt,  li.aml  S .f    ... 

llicriMliloa  paiuillipia.  ]i.  lir i-  ' 

Aliiponiiriis  alpiiiiis,  Kiiiilli 4-  j  -h      4- 

AloiH'iiiMiH  liuwi'llii,  V.  var.  iiicrriaiiii,  Srrili ... 


•I- 
+ 


li 
i'i 
ea    ' 

I! 


+ 
+ 
•h 


+ 

+ 
+ 

■I- 


+ 
+ 


+ 

+ 

-I- 
+ 
+ 
+ 
-+- 
+ 
+ 


+  -I- 


I- 

+ 


+ 
+ 


+ 
+ 


+ 

-I- 
+ 


+ 
+ 


-I- 


-I- !  -I- 
....  + 


+  i 

+  I 


■I  + 


I'lilriuii  alpininii.  I 

ArrlairniMlix  latil'iilia.  (Irisli 

Calaiiia^iostis  iiiiriiiira.sriiiH,  V 

CalamrtgrostiH  drRrliaiiipsiiiiili'H,  'I'rin 

Di'srliampsiacai'spit'i.sa.  Itiaiiv.  var.  iirctica,  'J'riii 

Trisi'tiiin  siilispicaliiiii,  lli'iiiiv (-  '... 

l'liijip.siaali;iila,  li.Hr i  -|-       | 

I'oaiirctiL'a,  U.  l!r ' '... 

I'uaiaesin,  Siiiitli j  + 

Piiacliiiniiris,  Trin 


-I- 


+ 


Arrtiipliihi  cli'iiHii,  Laiigo  . . . 
Uiipoiitia  psiliwaiitlia.  Itiijir 
(rlyi'ri'ift  aii^iiHtala,  Krii's  . . 
(ll'vrorla  viUoiiKa  (.\iiilr.).  l"iii>> 


irisntneanibrn,  L i  ^ 

yi-.stiiia  oviiia.  I. '  -I-  j  -f-  i  + 

Klyiiiiis  mollis.  Triu '  .i.  (  .j.  I  + 

Kl.\  iiiim  villoMiHsinius,  Srrilm ' 

KiiiiisctiMii  arvi'iiHt',  I. -f. 

Ki|uiM<'tiirn  Hrirpoiili'."*.  ^liclix ^ 

Ei|iii.'fitiim  viirii'^atum,  Sriileii'li i... 

]>iitrvi'liiiini  liimiria,  S«ailz j... 

I*lii';iii]iti'ris  ]iolypiiiliiiiilL's,  Fi'-o  .    

A.spliMiiiiiii  Ulix-t'iiiMiiiiui,  HiTnli 


•I-  +  I  +  I  4- 

-i-  I  +  1 + 

+  I  +  I-  I  + 

+  +  +  I-.. 

-■•I  +  I  +  I... 


AHiiiiliiim  spiniiliisuiii,  Swart/. I  4. 

Asjiiiliiiiii  FilixMas ' 

Cyst(iiitori«  t lauilis,  lirrnti 

L.voii)Hiilii[m  si'la^o,  Ij .;.    

I.yciipiiiliiim  alpiiiiiiii,  L 4-      + 

Lycopodium  nmmtiuiim,  L ..  |  + 


+  I  + 


+ 


+  Y  +  ' 


+ 


-f- 

+ 


+ 
+ 


+ 

+ 


+ 
+ 


+ 
+ 


+ 

■\- 

... 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 
'+ 


+ 
+ 


+ 


u 

a 


a  1^ 


^ 


+ ! 
+ 


+ 1 


+ 
+ 


+ 
+ 
■I- 

+ 

■I- 


+ 


+ 
•t- 
+ 
■I- 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


+ 


+ 


■I- 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 


-i- 
+ 


+  ; 

+  , 

■J-  • 

+ 


+ 
-I- 


+ 
+ 
+ 


THE   PLANTS    OV   THE    PRIBILOF    ISLANDS. 


587 


1 

1 

a 

? 

^ 

4' 

^ 

e 

^ 

15  1^' 


H- 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

-1- 

-1 

+ 

•*• 

+ 

■1 

... 

+ 

4- 
■f- 

-I-' 
■i- 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 

•t- 

r 

+ 

+ 

-f 

+ 

-1- 
+ 
-1- 

-1 

+ 

+ 

■|- 

+ 

-(■ 

•  ..' 

+ 

f- 

•••! 

+ 

■I 

+ 
•1- 

' 

+ 

-1-    + 

-1- 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

•  ■• . 

•  ■  •  • 



.... 

+  ; 

+ 

... 

+  ' 

•1- 

+ 

+ 
•1-  ■ 

+ 
■1- 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+  I  f 
+   + 

■  •  •  •  I  -t- 


+ 
+ 


+ 


+" 

-1- 

■1- 
+ 

+ 

-1- 

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

-I- 


+ 
+ 

+" 
+ 


+ 

+ 

-(■ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

f 

+  i 

+ 

+■ 

h 

•)■ 

+ 
+ 

AUTHOIilTIKS  I'OK  TIIK   (JKOCSHAIMIICAL   DIS  I'UIIU TION    OK   TIIK    I'LANTS  MKNTIi  tNKD 

IN  THK  KOKEiiOINO  LIST. 

Bkki.in,  Aro.:  Kiiilviixlir  iiisiniiladi-  uikIit  deii  sveimkii  tixpeditioiioii  till  (imiiliUHl  ISMIi  (Ool'vorsifit 

KkI.  Sv.  Vet.  AkiMJ.  KorlullKr,  \HM). 
Iti.YTT,  .M.  N. :  XorgcH  rinra.  Cliristinniii,  ISCl-lHTti. 
HiCiiKN.u;,  I'li.  AND  I'oCKK,  \V.  ( >. :  GcniHnj)llau/eii   ()st};Triiiliiii(l»,  /wfiic    DtMlHclm  Nonlpoliiilirt, 

Itri'iiipu,  1^<7L^ 
CiiAMissi),  A.  dk:  I>i'  iilaiitis  in  expeilitiono  obMervatia  disscrcrc  ptTgitur,  Arriicac  c|iiii<'  sii|K'rsimt 

(Liiiiiiioa,  Vol.  ti,  ls:U). 
TuiKM, 'I'll.  M.:  Cm  Heen-n  IsIanilH  faiit'roynni-vej;etatioii  (0<MvfrsiKt  Kj;'- Sv.  Vi!t.  Alunl.  I"oiiMll;ir, 

\HM). 
Ou'iNi.i'Ni),  (lilt. :  iHlimds  Flora,  Copenhagen,  1881. 
IIahtman,  C.  .1. ;  llandliok  i  SkaiidiiiavieiiH  Flora,  Stockliolni,  1H7(I. 
Hautz,  N.  :  FaiieroKUinoiog  Karkryptogainer  fra  NordiLst-Oi-oiilaiid  og  AnginagHalik  (Medd.  oin  (Jron- 

land,  v(d.  IX,  Copenliagoii,  1895). 
IIooKKit,  .1.  I». :  Outlines  of  tlio  DiHtribntion  of  Arctic  PlautM.     (Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  v(d.  LM,  1862.) 
lIouKKK,  ,1.  1». :  Flora  Hoivali  Americana.     London,  1840. 
Holm,  Tiikd.  :  Novaia  Zenil.jn's  Vegetation.     (Dijinplina-Togtcts  /.ool.-ltot.  I'dliytte.     < 'opeuliageii, 

188,-). ) 
lIoi.M,  TiiK.o. :  Beitriige  znr  Flora  WestgrinilandN.     (Kiigler'8  Hotau.  .Ialirliiich(^r,  \'ol.  \1IL     Leipzig, 

1887.) 
K.IKLI..MAN,  F.  K.:  Om  Konimandirski-CKornes  Faneroganillora.  (\egft-Expedit,  A'etensk.  lakttag..  Vol. 

IV,     Stockholm,  185.5.) 
K.iKM.MAN,  F.  K. ;    I'aneroganier  fran  Novaia   /emlju,  Wajgatsidi  och  Cliabarova.     (  \'ej;a-Kxpedit. 

N'etcusk.  Arbeten.) 
K.iKLi.MAX,  F.  K'.:  Sibiriska  Xordkusteus  Faneroganillora.     (N'cga-Kxpedit.  N'etensk.  Arboteu.) 
K.iKi.i.MAx,  F.   K. :  Faiierogaintloran  paa  Novaja  Seml.ja  och  Wajgatscli.      (  Vcga-Kxpedit.   N'etensk. 

Arbcteii.) 
K.IKI.I.MAX,  1".  H. ;  AaiatiskaHoriug8nnd8-ku8ten8  Faneroganillora.    ( Vega-Expedit.  Vetensk.  Arbeten.) 
Laxhe,  ,L:  Coiispertns  Florae  Oroelandicae.     (Medd.  om  (Jronlaiid.    Oopenhagen,  1880.) 
Ledeiioih,  C.  F. ;  Flora  Kossica      Stuttgart,  1841-18511. 
Ma< oi  N,  .loiix:  C.italogue  of  Canadian  Plants.     .Montreal,  188318!)0. 
Maximovu/,  Caui,  .loll :  I'rlniitiao  Florae  Amurensis.     St.  Petersburg,  1859. 
Mf.kkia.m,  C.  IIaht:  Plants  of  the  Pribilof  Islands.     Ilering  Sea.     (Proceed,  liiol.  .Soc.     Washington, 

1892. ) 
violin,  N.:  Forsiig  til  en  islandsk  Naturliistorie.     Copenhagen,  178(5. 
Natiioilst,  .\.  ({.:  Nya  Uidrag  till  Kiinnedoinon  om  Six'tsbergeiis  Kiirlviixtor.     (Kgl.  Sv.   Vetensk. 

Akad.  lldlgr.,  vol.  20.     Stonkholm,  1883.) 
KrPKEiiir,  F.  .1.:  .Syinbidae  ad  historian!  et  geographiain  plantariiin  K'ossicarnin.     .St.   Pet<Tsbiirg, 

1840. 
.Stk.i.xkgkr,  Lkoniiauk:  Notes  on  the  Plants  of  the  t'oininander  Islands.     (I'roc.  ['.  S.  Nat.  .Mils.,  Vol. 

VII,  1885.) 
Stiii'imfki.t.  II.  1'.  (-1. :  Ishmds  Iviirlviixter,  betraktado  fr.in  vtixtgeogratisk  och  lloristisk  synpunkt. 

(•Hfveisigt  Kgl.  Sv.  W-t.  ,Vkad.  Forbdlgr.,  1X84.) 
Tkaitn  irnEic,  I"..  \i.:  Inci-omenta  Florae  Phaenogamae  K'ossieac.     St.  Peterslnirg,  1882. 
TKACTVET'rEK,  E.  H.:  Die  Pllan/engeographishon  N'erhiiltuisse  des  Europfiischen  Kusslands.     K'iga, 

1819. 
Tkaiitvetteu,  E.  K.  :  Syllabus  plantaruiu  Sibiriae  boreale-orientalis  a  Ore.  .Mex.  ISiinge  Fil.  leclarimi. 

St.  Petersburg,  1888. 
TiiAUTVErn.i!,  E.  P.:    Kossiae  Arctiiuie  plantas  quaHdam  a  pcregrinatoribiis  variis  in   variis  loi  is 

lectas.     St.  Petersburg.  1880. 
Trai;tvkttei{,  E.  It. :  Flora  terrae  Tschuktschoriiiii.     St'.  Petersburg,  1878. 

TiiArTVETTEU,  E.  R. :  Plantas  Sibiriae  boroalis  ab  A.  Czekanovaki  ct  F.  .Miusller  lectas.     .St*.  Peters- 
burg, ^877. 
TuAUTVETi  Eit,  E.  K. :  Conspectus  r'lorae  Insulariiin  Nowa.ja  ."seinlja. 
Tl'Unek,  L.  .M.  :  Contributions  to  the  Natural  History  of  Alaska.     Washingtou,  1.886. 
Wahlknbeko,  C  :  Flora  Lapponica.     Herlin,  1812. 


-".■V, 


> 

X 
X 

X 


< 

a 


.!i* 


u 


\ 


o 


z 


<    -1 


s 


\ 


m 


f 


pLATfc  LXXXVIII. 


PAPAVER  MACOUNll  Greene.     Natural  s.ze. 

,„,  /..  Till*  fruit. 

„.  TlLM'ix'i'- ^""'"'"'*- ""     " 

I>mwn  l.y  Til.'"  Holiii. 


Plate  UXXXIX. 


«*r*4/ 


FRUI 


T,M.  SPECIMEN  or  NESOHRABA  GRAND,S  ,Un,sH,,  ......      N.u.,  .:e 


^.    '■^- 


'■,€ 
"'I 


I 


PLATE  XC 


,,.  KliiwiT,  IIIHK"'"''''  ' 


CARDAMINE  UMBELLATA  G,..e„«      N.|^ul  s.- 
,    ,.i„«r,vvitl.I»'talsivinnv.Ml...m>.'."liMl. 

IIIUWllll.vTlMM..   lloliii 


,■.  ri'tiil,  iniiK"'"'*'' 


:i 


Plate  XCI. 


CHRYSOSFLENIUM  BERINGIANUM  Rnse. 


"XUmI  r,  .Uun.et.-rs:  lit,'.  I<.  s.-.!.  enlurtfe.l  r.,  .Im.n.-t.-.., 

Driiwn  by  V.  A.  \Valiml>'. 


m: 


K.: 


F 


Plate  XCII. 


PRIMULA   EXIMIA  Go 


KldW.'rliiiil  ..|»'IL  in 


/.,   Ki'iLiliiij.'  si'iil"-.  rii: 
IPiawii  liy  TluM..  Holm 


lilMvl. 


( 'iipNii 


\i\  in.[.i:liilii-'l 


w 


■II 


i. 


w 


Plate  XCIII. 


PRIMULA   MACOUNII    Grcon.'       Natural  sije. 

„.   l.|..u>'nii;.-s|i.M'iin.'ii.  ''.   Kniil.  •■.   V..;.'.Miitiv,- slioot.. 

liiiiwn  liv  Tlii'ii.  Iloliii. 


Plate  XCIV. 


/ii^^U^'^ 


POLYGONUM  MACOUNII  Small 
Drawn  liyTl ■  Hiilm. 


